Notes

INTRODUCTION

1. Saeed Malik, A Perspective on the Signs of Al-Quran (Booksurge, 2010), 19.
2. Ali Nawaz Memon, The Islamic Nation: Status & Future of Muslims in the New World Order, (Beltsville, MD: Writers Inc. International, 1995).
3. Islamic Voice, Volum 28-05, Number 341, February 15, 2015. http://islamicvoice.com/iina- report-on-literacy-40-of-muslim-worlds-population-is-illiterate/. [Note: 40 percent of Muslims worldwide are illiterate. Islam demands submission, not critical thought. They are unable to learn new information because of censors and repression of information.]
4. BBC News, “Rotherham child sexual exploitation report: At a glance,” August 26, 2014.
5. Bertrand Russell, Freedom and Organization. New York: Routledge, 2001. 220.
6. Steve Hopkins, “Full horror of the Yazidis who didn’t escape Mount Sinjar,” Daily Mail (UK), October 14, 2014.
7. Adam Withnal, “Saudi Arabia declares all atheists are terrorists in new law,” Independent (UK), April 1, 2014.
8. Qur’an 47:35. All quotations from the Qur’an in this book are taken from Al-Hilali and Khan, trans., The Noble Quran (Dar-us-Salam, 1999).

CHAPTER 1: IS ISLAM A RELIGION?

1. Muslim Brotherhood, “An Explanatory Memorandum,” 21. http://www.investigativeproject.org/ documents/case_docs/445.pdf.
2. Abdu A’la Maududi, Jihad in Islam, (Beirut: Holy Quran Publishing House, 1996), 10.
3. Ibn Warraq, “The Two Faces of Feisal Rauf,” National Review, September 14, 2010.
4. John Wesley, The Works of John Wesley Volume 12: Doctrinal and Controversial Treatises (Nashville, TN: Abingdon, 2012), 186.
5. Quoted in Patrick Roelle, Christians Under Siege (Bloomington, IN: Author House, 2009), 484.
6. Ibid, 174-175.
7. Political Islam, “Tears of Islam,” entry by Bill Warner, March 3, 2008.
8. International Humanist and Ethical Union, “Saudi Arabia’s New Law Defines Atheism As Terrorism,” Entry by Bob Churchill, April 2, 2014
9. Husain Haqqani, “Muslims: Scant cause for respect,” New York Times, December 20, 2002.
10. Michael Axworthy, A History of Iran: Empire of the Mind (New York: Penguin, 2008), op. cit.
11. Ilia Alon, “Dhimma,” Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa, 703-4.
12. Matthieu Aikins, “Afghanistan: The Making of a Narco State,” Rolling Stone, December 4, 2014.
13. Ibn Ishaq, 341-2.
14. Sahih al-Bukhari 2:26:710, and compare Qur’an 2:158.
15. Sahih al-Bukhari 5:58:172.
16. Answering Islam, “Muhammad the Borrower Still!,” entry by Sam Shamoun.
17. Qur’an 25:5.
18. Shabbir Akhtar, The Quran and the Secular Mind (New York: Routledge, 2008), 43-44.
19. Ibid, 44.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid, 45.
22. Ibid, 48.
23. Quoted in Tomoko Masuzawa, The Invention of World Religions (Chicago: University of Chicago
    Press, 2005), 197.
24. Muslim Brotherhood, “An Explanatory Memorandum,” 19.
25. Iran Const. art. XI.
26. Quoted in Ayatollah Jafar Subhani, The Message, Ahlulbayt Organization.
27. Baron Bodessey “The Islamization of London,” Frontpagemag.com, October 15 2011.
28. BillWarner,ShariaLawforNon-Muslims(CenterfortheStudyofPoliticalIslam,2010),6.

CHAPTER 2: 9/11—A NATION TRANSFORMED

1. Quoted in Jed Babbin, In the Words of Our Enemies (Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 2007), 22.
2. Bush, “Statement to the United Nations General Assembly,” November 10, 2001.
3. Culbertson, “NASA Radio Address,” September 11, 2001.
4. Qur’an 33:21.
5. Sahih al-Bukhari, 4:53:386.
6. Ibid, 5:59:611.
7. Culbertson, “Letter.”
8. Benjamin Franklin, the Franklin Papers, http://franklinpapers.org/franklin/framedVolumes. jsp?vol=6&page=238a.
9. Meena Hartenstein, “TSA defends decision to make 95-year-old cancer patient remove adult diaper for security screening,” New York Daily News, June 26, 2011.
10. Russia Today, “18-month-old baby yanked from airplane for being on no-fly list,” May 10, 2012.
11. Charles Krauthammer, “Don’t touch my junk,” Washington Post, November 19, 2010
12. Shan Carter and Amanda Cox, “One 9/11 Tally: $3.3 Trillion,” New York Times, September 8, 2011.
13. White House, “Budget,” 2014, 28.
14. Kimberly Amadeo, “How the 9/11 Attacks Still Affect the Economy Today,” News.About.com.
15. RAND Corporation, “Compensating the Victims of 9/11,” 2004.
16. IATA, “The Impact of September 11 2001 on Aviation,” 3.
17. FDIC, “The New York City Economy: Post 9/11,” May 2002.
18. New York Small Business Development Center, “Disaster Recovery,” http://www.nyssbdc.org/ disaster.html.
19. Majid Khadduri, War and Peace in the Law of Islam (Clark, NJ: Lawbook Exchange, 2010), 170- 171.

CHAPTER 3: OSAMA BIN LADEN

1. Quoted in Peter L. Bergen, The Osama bin Laden I Know: An Oral History of al Qaeda’s Leader (Florence, MA: Free Press, 2006), 21.
2. Ibid, 133. [Note: Ghafar was the imam of a mosque in Khartoum where Osama worshipped while he lived there.]
3. Sahih al-Bukhari 8:387.
4. Efraim Karsh, Islamic Imperialism: A History (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006), 1.
5. Michael Dobbs and John Ward Anderson, “Bin Ladens found fortune in building,” Washington Post, October 1, 2001.
6. Lisa Beyer, “The Most Wanted Man in the World,” Time Magazine, September 24, 2001.
7. Steve Coll, The Bin Ladens: An Arabian Family in the American Century (New York: Penguin, 2009), 148.
8. Qur’an 33:50 (and see also 33:21 on Muhammad as a pattern of conduct for Muslims).
9. Coll, 203.
10. Quoted in Coll, 204.
11. Paul Klebnikov, “Who is Osama Bin Laden?,” Forbes, September 14, 2001.
12. Quoted in Coll, 248.
13. Quoted in Ahmed Rashid, Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia, Second Edition (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010), 132.
14. Adrian Hanni and Lukas Hegi, “The Pakistani Godfather: The Inter-Services Intelligence and the Afghan Taliban 1994-2010,” Small Wars Journal, Volume 9, Number 4, April 2, 2013.
15. Coll, 249.
16. Ibid, 8.
17. Bergen, 30.
18. Michael Phillips, “Launching the Missile that Made History,” Wall Street Journal, October 1, 2011.
19. Qur’an 3:110, 98:6.
20. World Islamic Front, “Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders,” February 23, 1998.
21. Quoted in AFP, “Hundreds in Pakistan pay tribute to bin Laden,” May 2, 2012.
22. Daily Mail (UK), “Herbal ‘Viagra’ found in medicine cabinet at bin Laden’s Pakistani compound,” May 9, 2011.
23. Elizabeth Flock, “Osama Bin Laden Tells His Children Not to Fight Jihad in His Will,” Washington Post, May 4, 2011.
24. Quoted in AFP, “Hundreds in Pakistan pay tribute to bin Laden,” May 2, 2012.
25. Quoted in Daveed Gartenstein-Ross, “Bin Laden’s ‘War of a Thousand Cuts’ Will Live On,” Atlantic, May 3, 2011.
26. Bill Dedman and John Schoen, “Adding up the financial costs of the Boston bombings,” NBC News, April 3, 2013.

CHAPTER 4: AFGHANISTAN—BEFORE 9/11

1. Ronald Reagan, “Message on the Observance of Afghanistan Day,” March 21, 1983, transcribed by the American Presidency Project.
2. In Martineau, trans., “Les Revelations d’un Ancient Conseilleur de Carter;” Georgy Gounev, The Dark Side of the Crescent Moon, (Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2014), 9. [Note: Brzezinski was a top foreign policy advisor to Presidents Carter and Obama.]
3. Quoted in Washingtonsblog, “Sleeping With the Devil: How U.S. and Saudi Backing of Al Qaeda Led to 9/11,” posted on September 5, 2012.
4. Quoted in George Crile, “Charlie did it,” Financial Times (UK), June 6, 2003. [Ed. Ul-Haq was head of Pakistan’s ISI during the period when Wilson and the CIA provided funding to mujahideen forces.]
5. Quoted in Ken Herman, “Charlie Wilson pessimistic about future of Afghanistan,” Austin- American Statesman, December 18, 2009.
6. Ibid.
7. Michael Moran, “Bin Laden comes home to roost,” NBC News, August 24, 1998.
8. Encyclopedia Britannica, “Taxila.”
9. See Cardona, “Book review: Paninis Grammatik,” Journal of the American Oriental Society, July- September 2000, Vol. 120 Issue 3, p464-5.
10. TRNRao,andSubhashKak,ComputingScienceinAncientIndia,CenterforAdvancedComputer Sciences, (Lafayette, LA: University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1998), 52.
11. Kenneth Katzman, Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and US Policy, Congressional Research Service, April 27, 2015, 2.
12. Thanassis Cambanis, “The Carter Doctrine: A Middle East strategy past its prime,” Boston Globe, October 14, 2012.
13. In Martineau, trans. “Les Revelations d’un Ancient Conseilleur de Carter.”
14. Cambanis.
15. Todd Leopold, “The real Charlie Wilson,” CNN, April 23, 2008.
16. Ali Al-Ahmed, “Saudi Time Bomb?,” PBS, November 9, 2001.
17. Steve Coll, “Looking for Mullah Omar,” New Yorker, January 23, 2012.
18. Jerome Starkey, “Drugs for guns: how the Afghan heroin trade is fuelling the Taliban insurgency,” Independent (UK), April 29, 2008.
19. John F. Burns and Steve LeVine, “How Afghans’ stern rulers took hold,” New York Times, December 31, 1996.
20. Lionel Beehner, “Musharraf ’s Taliban Problem,” Council on Foreign Relations, September 11, 2006.
21. Tony Karon, “TIME.com Primer: The Taliban and Afghanistan,” Time, September 18, 2001.
22. Ahmed Rashid, “After 1,700 years, Buddhas fall to Taliban dynamite,” Telegraph (UK), March 12, 2001.
23. Roger Hardy, “The Iran-Iraq war: 25 years on,” BBC News, September 22, 2005.

CHAPTER 5: AFGHANISTAN AFTER 9/11

1. Quoted in Catherine E. Shoichet, “U.S. diplomat died ‘doing what she loved’ in Afghanistan,” CNN, April 8, 2013.
2. Quoted in Heath Druzin, “With little fanfare, Afghanistan War drags into 13th year,” Stars and Stripes, October 6, 2013.
3. Yalda Hakim, “Afghanistan’s Hamid Karzai says Nato caused ‘great suffering’,” BBC News, October 7, 2013.
4. Bradley Klapper, “Anne Smedinghoff, American Diplomat Killed in Afghanistan, Mourned As ‘Selfless, Idealistic’,” Huffington Post, April 7, 2013.
5. Josh White, “Tillman’s Parents Are Critical Of Army,” Washington Post, May 23, 2005.
6. Nick B. Mills, Karzai: The Failing American Intervention and the Struggle for Afghanistan (New York: Wiley, 2007).
7. Walter Pincus, “Afghan corruption, and how the U.S. facilitates it,” Washington Post, November 5, 2012.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. Adam Kredo, “Waste, Fraud, and Abuse,” Washington Free Beacon, May 8, 2013.
11. John F. Tierney et al., Warlord, Inc.: Extortion and Corruption Along the U.S. Supply Chain in Afghanistan, U.S. House of Representatives, June 22, 2010 3.
12. Ben Arnoldy, “US commission finds widespread waste and corruption in wartime contracts,” Christian Science Monitor, September 1, 2011.
13. Transparency International, “Corruption Perceptions Index 2012.”
14. BBC News, “Kabul Bank fraud profited elite,” November 28, 2012.
15. Tierney, 3.
16. Jonathan Schroden et al., Independent Assessment of the Afghan National Security Forces, CNA for the U.S. Congress, January 24, 2014, 2.
17. Ibid, 4.
18. Quoted in Druzin.
19. Human Rights Watch, “World Report 2013: Afghanistan.”
20. Howard LaFranchi, “Why Afghanistan is nervous about the US troop withdrawal,” Christian Science Monitor, May 17, 2013.
21. Khalid Koser, “Afghanistan: More asylum seekers coming,” Interpreter (Lowy Institute for International Policy), May 31, 2013.
22. Kevin Sieff and Josh Partlow, “Afghan economy facing serious revenue shortage,” Washington Post, April 15, 2014.
23. World Bank, “Afghanistan.” http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/afghanistan.
24. Steven Nelson, “Muslims in Iraq, Afghanistan Most Likely to Want Sharia,” US News, May 1, 2013.
25. Ron Moreau, “The Taliban’s New Role as Afghanistan’s Drug Mafia,” Newsweek, June 12, 2013.
26. Gretchen Peters, How Opium Profits the Taliban, U.S. Institute of Peace, August 2009, 23, 33.
27. Ibid, 1.
28. Moreau.
29. Jamie Glazov, “Boys of the Taliban,” FrontPage, January 9, 2015.
30. Chris Mondloch, “Bacha Bazi: An Afghan Tragedy,” Foreign Policy, October 28, 2013.
31. RAWA, “On the Situation of Afghan Women,” http://www.rawa.org/wom-view.htm.
32. Ibid.
33. Sahel Mangal, “Violence against women rises in southeast,” Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan (RAWA), October 7, 2013.
34. AFP, “Afghan father guns down daughter over ‘affair’,” May 3, 2013.
35. UPI, “Afghan Muslim leader arrested for fatwa against girl later executed.” July 31, 2013.
36. Rajat Madhok, “10-year-old girl promised in marriage,” RAWA, July 30, 2013.
37. Human Rights Watch, “World Report 2013: Afghanistan.”
38. Patrick Quinn and Rahim Faiez, “In Afghanistan, 4 U.S. Soldiers Killed,” Associated Press, October 6, 2013.
39. Greg Scoblete, “French Diplomat Warns of Western Failure in Afghanistan,” Real Clear World, May 1, 2013.
40. Catholic Online, “American general on Taliban in Afghanistan,” May 30, 2013.
41. Yalda Hakim, “Afghanistan’s Hamid Karzai says Nato caused ‘great suffering’,” BBC News, October 7, 2013.
42. Rod Nordland, “War Deaths Top 13,000 in Afghan Security Forces,” New York Times, March 3, 2014.
43. Afghanistan Study Group, “The Cost of the Afghanistan War,” August 13, 2010.
44. Linda J. Bilmes, “The Financial Legacy of Iraq and Afghanistan,” Kennedy School of Government, March 2013, 1.
45. May Jeong, “Afghanistan, After the War Boom,” New Yorker, November 13, 2013.
46. Nate Rawlings, “Afghanistan’s Record Opium Year,” Time, November 13, 2013.
47. Euronews, “US warns Karzai ‘sign or we leave Afghanistan’,” November 26, 2013.

CHAPTER 6: IRAQ

1. Quoted in CNN, “Cheney: No link between Saddam Hussein, 9/11,” June 1, 2009. [Taken from an appearance at the National Press Club.]
2. Quoted in Global Security, “Iraq Survey Group Final Report,” September 30, 2004.
3. Kevin M. Woods and James Lacey, Saddam and Terrorism, Institute for Defense Analyses, November 2007, 17.
4. Robert Pape, Dying to Win: The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism (New York: Random House, 2006), 114.
5. David Johnston and John M. Broder, “F.B.I. Says Guards Killed 14 Iraqis Without Cause,” New York Times, November 14, 2007.
6. Ibid.
7. James Risen, “3 Blackwater Guards Called Baghdad Shootings Unjustified,” New York Times, January 16, 2010.
8. Associated Press, “U.S. halts civilian travel outside Green Zone,” September 18, 2007.
9. President George W. Bush, “President’s Radio Address.” (March 22, 2003)
10. William Lowther, “Rumsfeld ‘helped Iraq get chemical weapons’,” Daily Mail (UK), Archive.
11. Kessler, “History lesson: When the United States looked the other way on chemical weapons.” (Sep. 4, 2013)
12. Mohammed Shareef, The United States, Iraq and the Kurds: Shock, Awe and Aftermath (London: Routledge, 2014), 146.
13. See Krauss, “Congressman says girl was credible.” [New York Times story from January 12, 1992]
14. William Rivers Pitt and Scott Ritter, War on Iraq: What the Bush Team Doesn’t Want You to Know (New York: Context, 2002), 28. [Note: Ritter was a weapons inspector for the UN.]
15. Global Security.
16. Associated Press, “CIA’s final report: No WMD found in Iraq,” April 25, 2005.
17. CIA, “Iraq’s Chemical Warfare Program,” April 22, 2007.
18. Quoted in Tim Grieve, “Welcome back, Tony,” Salon.com, April 30, 2007. [Note: Emphasis added]
19. The 9/11 Commission Report, Claitor’s Law Books, July 22, 2004, 61-66.
20. Woods, 41-3.
21. Ibid, 21.
22. Ibid, 45-6.
23. Tarik Kafala, “The Iraqi Baath party,” BBC News, March 25, 2003.
24. Thompson, “How Disbanding the Iraqi Army Fueled ISIS.”
25. Shaheen, “Isis ‘controls 50% of Syria’ after seizing historic city of Palmyra.”
26. Peter Beaumont, “From a Tikrit boy to butcher of Baghdad,” Guardian (UK), December 30, 2006.
27. Kenneth R. Timmerman, The Death Lobby (New York: Houghton-Mifflin, 1991).
28. Seymour M. Hersh, “Selective Intelligence,” New Yorker, May 12, 2003.
29. James Moore, “How Chalabi and the White House held the front page,” Guardian (UK), May 28, 2004.
30. Ibid.
31. John Kampfner, Blair’s Wars (Florence, MA: Free Press, 2004), 156.
32. Hersh.
33. Hanna, Tawfeeq, and Mullen, “Fresh from Ramadi, ISIS pushes east.”
34. Associated Press, “Iraq: hundreds escape from Abu Ghraib jail,” July 22, 2013.
35. Ted Spain and Terry Turchie, Breaking Iraq (Palisades, NY: History, 2013).
36. Paul Richter, “Missing Iraq money may have been stolen,” Los Angeles Times, June 13, 2001.
37. Judicial Watch, “Billions For Iraq Reconstruction Lost To Fraud,” July 25, 2012.
38. David Wood, “Iraq Reconstruction Cost U.S. $60 Billion,” Huffington Post, March 6, 2013.
39. Associated Press, “Post-war Iraq ‘ still corrupt and unstable’,” March 6 2013.
40. Ibid.
41. Bassem Francis Hanna, “Decade of Violence Threatens To Uproot Iraq’s Christians,” Al-Monitor (UK), August 21, 2013.
42. Lee Kuan Yew, “The United States, Iraq, and the War on Terror,” Foreign Affairs, January 1, 2007.
43. J.J. Gould, “10 Years After the Fall of Saddam, How Do Iraqis Look Back on the War?,” Atlantic, June 28, 2013.
44. Democracy Index, “Democracy Index 2012.”
45. Transparency International, “Corruption Perceptions Index 2013.”
46. Iraq Const. I.ii.
47. Quoted in Gould.
48. See: costsofwar.org (numbers include casualties and expenses incurred in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan).
49. Catherine Lutz, “US and Coalition Casualties in Iraq and Afghanistan.” Watson Institute for International Studies at Brown University, February 21, 2013.
50. Costs of War, “Iraq: At least 133,000 Civilians Killed.”
51. Costs of war, “Economic Cost Summary.”
52. Pew Research, “War and Sacrifice in the Post-9/11 Era,” October 5, 2011.
53. Quoted in Wong, “Clinton: Iraq vote was ‘a mistake, plain and simple’.”
54. Beutler, “Jeb Folded on Iraq.”
55. Quoted in New York Times, “Rand Paul Calls Hussein’s Ouster a ‘Mistake’.”

CHAPTER 7: SAUDI ARABIA: DE FACTO SUPERPOWER

1. David E. Kaplan, “The Saudi Connection,” U.S. News and World Report, December 15, 2003, 3.
2. Matthew Levitt, “Subversion from Within,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, October 2, 2003.
3. Curtin Winsor, “Saudi Arabia, Wahhabism and the Spread of Sunni Theofascism,” Online Opinion (Australia), July 16, 2007.
4. Doug Ireland, “Royal Coke,” LA Weekly, May 6, 2004.
5. Hassan Adawi, “Guest Worker May Lose Digits, Toes After Being Tied Up,” Arab News, March 23, 2005.
6. BBC News, “How the Saudi hostage drama unfolded,” May 31, 2004.
7. Telegraph Reporters, “Gay Saudi prince who killed manservant to serve jail term at home,” Telegraph (UK), February 6, 2013.
8. The Economist, “Larger-than-life diplomacy,” November 6, 2008.
9. Ibid.
10. Odah Sultan Odah, “Saudi-American Relations 1968-1978,” (thesis for dissertation, Salford, 1988) 17. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14829/1/D083068.pdf and http://www.saudiembassy.net/ about/country-information/history.aspx.
11. Subcommittee on Multinational Corporations, “Multinational Oil Corporations and U.S. Foreign Policy,” U.S. Congress, 1978.
12. James Ralph, “U.S. Middle East Oil: The Petroleum Reserves Corporation” (Carlisle PA: Army War College, 1972).
13. Jean-Francois Seznec, “Business as Usual,” Harvard International Review, Volume 25, Number 4, January 6, 2005.
14. CIA World Factbook, “Saudi Arabia,” and Bedu, “The Expatriate Population in Saudi Arabia,” June 6, 2009.
15. Index Mundi, “Saudi Arabia Economy Profile 2013.”
16. Ruth Kramer, “Saudi Arabia Declares Destruction of All Churches in Region,” Mission Network News, Aptil 1, 2013.
17. Ali Al-Ahmed, “Hypocrisy Most Holy,” Wall Street Journal, May 20, 2005.
18. Ibid.
19. Center for Religious Freedom, “Saudi Publications on Hate Ideology Invade American Mosques” (Washington, D.C.: Freedom House, 2005).
20. Daniel Greenfield, “Islamic Slavery and Racism,” FrontPage, April 2, 2013.
21. U.S. State Department, Trafficking in Persons Report: June 2009, 251.
22. Human Rights Watch, “World Report 2012: Saudi Arabia”
23. Cayce Manesiotis, “Saudi Arabia Exploits and Abuses Migrant Workers Then Deports Them,” Liberty Voice, November 4, 2013.
24. Human Rights Watch, “’Bad Dreams:’ Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers,” July 14, 2004.
25. Global Jihad, “Saudi Sheikh: ‘Slavery Is A Part Of Islam,” November 10, 2003.
26. U.S. State Department, Trafficking in Persons Report: June 2009, 251.
27. Ibid.
28. Eleanor Abdella Doumato, Saudi Arabia (New York: Freedom House, 2010), 1-2, 12-13.
29. Translating Jihad, “Saudi Study: Nearly a Quarter of Children Raped,” Free Republic, February 24, 2012.
30. Center for Religious Freedom, Saudi Publications on Hate Ideology Invade American Mosques (Washington, D.C.: Freedom House, 2006), 8-9.
31. Ibid, 12-13.
32. Angus McDowall, “Saudi rulers reconsider ties to Wahhabi clergy,” Reuters, December 17, 2014.
33. Freedom House, Saudi Publications on Hate Ideology Invade American Mosques, 13.
34. Woolsey, 7-8.
35. Freedom House, Saudi Publications on Hate Ideology Invade American Mosques, 12, 19.
36. Ibid, 23.
37. Ibid, 24.
38. Ibid, 34-43.
39. Ibid, 45.
40. Ibid, 46.
41. Haviv Rettig, “Expert: Saudis have radicalized 80 percent of US mosques,” Jerusalem Post, December 5, 2005.
42. JINSA Online, “Al Qaeda, Other Terror Groups Swim in Global Sea of Saudi-Funded Wahhabi Institutions,” Center for Islam Pluralism, August 22, 2007.
43. Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia, “Private Saudi investments in US total $400 billion,” Press Release, November 8, 2009.
44. Clifford Krauss, “Texas Refinery Is Saudi Foothold in U.S. Market,” New York Times, April 4, 2013.
45. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, “Advisory.”
46. United Nations, “International Islamic Relief Organization, Philippines, Branch Offices.” Press Release, January 6, 2014.
47. Brian Fairchild, “Key Organizations of the Islamic Infrastructure in the United States,” Higgins Foundation, 2002.
48. Matthew Levitt, “Tackling the Financing of Terrorism in Saudi Arabia,” Washington Institute, March 11, 2002.
49. Ibid.
50. Ibid.
51. Dore Gold, “Saudi Arabia’s Dubious Denials of Involvement in International Terrorism,” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, October 1, 2003.
52. Eric Lichtblau and Eric Schmitt, “Cash Flow to Terrorists Evades U.S. Efforts,” New York Times, December 5, 2010.
53. Senate Committee on Finance, “Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence Stuart Levey Testimony,” April 1, 2008.
54. Ibid.
55. Lichtblau and Schmitt, “Cash Flow to Terrorists Evades U.S. Efforts.”
56. Marilyn Brannan, “U.S. Devours Saudi Oil while Saudis Bankroll Terrorists,” Monetary and Economic Review, Volume 12, Number 3, 2007.
57. Quoted in theguardian.com, “US embassy cables: Terrorists use hajj as cover to collect donations.” December 5, 2010.
58. The 9/11 Commission Report, 169-173.
59. Winsor, “Saudi Arabia, Wahhabism and the Spread of Sunni Theofascism.”
60. Thomas Hegghammer, “Combattants saoudiens en Irak : modes de radicalisation et de recrutement,” Cultures and Conflits (France), Volume 4, Number 64, 2006, 1110126. [Note: Article in in French.]
61. Reuven Paz, “Arab volunteers killed in Iraq: an Analysis,” Global Research in International Affairs Center, March 4, 2005.
62. Ibid.
63. Freedom House, Saudi Publications on Hate Ideology Invade American Mosques, 3, 15.
64. Brannan, “U.S. Devours Saudi Oil while Saudis Bankroll Terrorists.”
65. Ibid.
66. Mitchell Bard, The Arab Lobby: The Invisible Alliance That Undermines America’s Interests in the Middle East (New York: Broadside, 2011), Introduction, xii.
67. Levitt, “Subversion from Within.”
68. Quoted in Aryn Baker, “Saudi Arabia Considers Nuclear Weapons After Iran’s Geneva Deal,” Time, November 26, 2013.
69. Ibid.
70. Ian Black, “Saudi Arabia’s foreign labour crackdown drives out 2m migrants,” Guardian (UK), November 29, 2013.

CHAPTER 8: PAKISTAN: FALSE FOUNDATIONS

1. Iqbal Academy, “Iqbal and the Pakistan Movement.”
2. Quoted in Quaid I Azam, “Jinnah-Gandhi Negotiations, 1944.”
3. Quoted in Shahid Javed Burki, Pakistan: Fifty Years of Nationhood (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999), 52.
4. Zardari, “Text of President Zardari’s address to UN General Assembly,” September 26, 2008.
5. UPI, “Pakistan’s prime minister visits President Obama in White House,” October 23, 2013.
6. Anatol Lieven, Pakistan: A Hard Country (New York: PublicAffairs, 2012), 53.
7. Quoted in Singh and Roy, Indian Political Thought, 149.
8. Ibid, 151.
9. Jinnah spoke these words before the foundation of Israel in 1948. However, even in the case of Israel a plausible case can be made that ethnicity as well as religion is part of its foundation.
10. Lieven, Pakistan: A Hard Country, 54.
11. Ayesha Jalal, The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 35.
12. Husain Haqqani, Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2005), 7-9.
13. Ibid.
14. Lieven, Pakistan: A Hard Country, 57-8.
15. Haqqani, Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military, 10.
16. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, “Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s first Presidential Address to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan,” August 11, 1947.
17. Quoted in Lieven, Pakistan: A Hard Country, 124.
18. Rafiq Zakaria, The Man Who Divided India (Bombay: Popular Prakashan, 2004), 2; Devendra Panigrahi, India’s Partition: The Story of Imperialism in Retreat (London: Routledge, 2010), 165; Salman Akhtar and Manasi Kumar, “Destiny and Nationalism,” Crosscurrents in Islam and Psychoanalysis (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008), 85.
19. PTI, “Daughter’s claim may fall flat as Jinnah’s will found,” March 31, 2010.

CHAPTER 9: PAKISTAN: WAR AND IDEOLOGY

1. Quoted in Encyclopedia Britannica, “Nuclear Weapon.”
2. Quoted in Raja Anwar, The Terrorist Prince (New York: Verso, 1997), 71.
3. Mohammad Hanif, “Pakistan’s General Problem,” Open Magazine, June 11, 2011.
4. S.K. Malik, The Quranic Concept of War (New Delhi: Himalayan, 1986), 59.
5. John Schmidt, The Unraveling: Pakistan in the Age of Jihad (New York: Picador, 2012), 23.
6. Ziad Haider, The Ideological Struggle for Pakistan (Stanford: Hoover Institution, 2010), 8.
7. Victoria Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict (New York: I.B. Tauris, 2010), 49. [Note: There is a red herring argument that India compelled Singh to sign the decree. Schofield thoroughly dispels this argument (see p. 58 and context).]
8. Quoted in Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict, 65.
9. Husain Haqqani, Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2005), 52.
10. Eamon Murphy, The Making of Terrorism in Pakistan (London: Routledge, 2012), 66-8.
11. Quoted in Haqqani, Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military, 67.
12. Quoted in Anatol Lieven, Pakistan: A Hard Country (New York: PublicAffairs, 2012), 186. [Note: emphasis added.]
13. Murphy, The Making of Terrorism in Pakistan, 68.
14. Navnita Behera, Demystifying Kashmir (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 2006), 78.
15. Behera, 78; Schmidt, 29.
16. Schmidt, The Unraveling: Pakistan in the Age of Jihad, 30.
17. Behera, Demystifying Kashmir, 80.
18. Haqqani, Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military, 51-6.
19. Ibid, 62.
20. Ibid, 62-3.
21. Bina D’Costa, Nationbuilding, Gender and War Crimes in South Asia (London: Routledge, 2010), 110.
22. The Spectator (UK), “Another Final Solution,” June 18, 1971.
23. Neil Sheehan, “’The Blood Telegram: Nixon, Kissinger, and a Forgotten Genocide’ by Gary J. Bass,” Washington Post, October 4, 2013.
24. Gary J. Bass, “Nixon and Kissinger’s Forgotten Shame,” New York Times, September 29, 2013.
25. Schmidt, The Unraveling: Pakistan in the Age of Jihad, 33.
26. Zahid Hussain, Frontline Pakistan (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007), 14.
27. Ibid, 14-15.
28. Hussain, Frontline Pakistan, 13-4.
29. Quoted in Haider, The Ideological Struggle for Pakistan, 19.
30. Langewiesche, “The Wrath of Khan,” Atlantic, November 2005.
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid.
33. Quoted in Hussain, Frontline Pakistan, 15.
34. Ibid; Schmidt, The Unraveling: Pakistan in the Age of Jihad, 64; Coll, Ghost Wars, 61, 180.
35. Malik, The Quranic Concept of War, 44.
36. Ibid, 144.
37. Steve Coll, Ghost Wars (New York: Penguin, 2004), 58-60.
38. Ibid, 131, 165.
39. Schmidt, The Unraveling: Pakistan in the Age of Jihad, 73.
40. Coll, Ghost Wars, 157.
41. Hussain, Frontline Pakistan, 17; Schmidt, The Unraveling: Pakistan in the Age of Jihad, 74.
42. Arif Jamal, Shadow War: The Untold Story of Jihad in Kashmir (New York: Melville House, 2009), 163, 169.
43. Schmidt, The Unraveling, 101-2; Coll, Ghost Wars, 296; Peter Tomsen, The Wars of Afghanistan: Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflicts, and the Failures of Great Powers (New York: PublicAffairs, 2013), 532.
44. Tomsen, The Wars of Afghanistan, 534-5.
45. Ibid, 538.
46. Ibid, 539-41.
47. Ahmed Rashid, Descent into Chaos: The U.S. and the Disaster in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Central Asia (New York, Penguin, 2009), 41-2.
48. Feroz Khan, Peter Lavoy, and Christopher Clary, “Pakistan’s Motivations and Calculations for the Kargil Conflict,” Asymmetric Warfare in South Asia: The Causes and Consequences of the Kargil Conflict (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 86-7.
49. Rashid, Descent into Chaos, 51.

CHAPTER 10: PAKISTAN: POST–9/11 DOUBLE GAME

1. Quoted in James Forsyth, “Pakistan, the sum of all fears.” Spectator (UK), March 22, 2009.
2. Quoted in Indian Express (India), “Osama Bin Laden had support system in Pakistan: envoy,” May 3, 2011.
3. Quoted in U.S. Department of Defense, “CBC Television Interview with Secretary Panetta,” April 2, 2012.
4. Quoted in CNN, “Many questions, few answers on how much Pakistan knew about bin Laden,” May 2, 2011.
5. Pervez Hoodbhoy, “The curious case of Osama bin Laden,” Tribune (Pakistan), May 3, 2011.
6. Quoted in Steve Coll, “Don’t Look Back,” New Yorker, March 1, 2010.
7. Terry McDermott, “The Mastermind,” New Yorker, September 13, 2010.
8. Ibid.
9. Zahid Hussain, Frontline Pakistan (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007), 130.
10. McDermott, “The Mastermind.”
11. Hussain, Frontline Pakistan, 131.
12. McDermott, “The Mastermind.”
13. Ahmed Rashid, Descent into Chaos: The U.S. and the Disaster in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Central Asia (New York, Penguin, 2009), 224-5.
14. John Schmidt, The Unraveling: Pakistan in the Age of Jihad (New York: Picador, 2012), 161.
15. Peter Tomsen, The Wars of Afghanistan (New York: PublicAffairs, 2013), 589.
16. Ibid.
17. Rashid, Descent into Chaos, 219.
18. Ibid, 265, 270.
19. Ibid, 222-3.
20. Matt Waldman, “The Sun in the Sky: The Relationship Between Pakistan’s ISI and Afghan Insurgents,” Crisis States Research Center (UK), 2010.
21. Joseph Trento, “Western Intelligence Convinced Pakistan’s ISI Hid Bin Laden,” DC Bureau, May 4 2011.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Schmidt, The Unraveling of Pakistan, 137.
26. Rashid, Descent into Chaos, 230-1.
27. Zachary Laub, “Pakistan’s New Generation of Terrorists,” Council on Foreign Relations, November 18, 2013.
28. Coll, “Don’t Look Back.”
29. Laub, “Pakistan’s New Generation of Terrorists.”
30. Schmidt, The Unraveling of Pakistan, 164.
31. Williams, Afghanistan Declassified, 206.
32. Schmidt, The Unraveling of Pakistan, 174.
33. Jayshree Bajoria “Lashkar-e-Taiba,” Council on Foreign Relations, January 14, 2010.
34. Sebastian Rotella, “Terror Group Recruits From Pakistan’s ‘Best and Brightest’,” ProPublica, April 4, 2013.
35. Sebastian Rotella, “Militant Reaffirms Role of Pakistan in Mumbai Attack,” ProPublica, August 9, 2012
36. Erik Bleich, “Faith and State: British Policy Responses to ‘Islamist’ Extremism,” Araucaria, 2014, Volume 16, Issue 31, 68.
37. Christopher Hitchens, “Londonistan Calling,” Vanity Fair, June 2007.
38. Nic Robertson, Paul Cruickshank, and Tim Lister, “Documents Give New Details on Al Qaeda’s London Bombings,” CNN, April 30, 2012; Andrew Alderson, “British terror mastermind Rashid Rauf ‘killed in US missile strike’,” Telegraph (UK), November 22, 2008; Theodore Bromund
    and Lisa Curtis, “The Pakistan-Britain Terror Connection: Lessons and Warnings for the United States,” Heritage Foundation, November 6, 2009.
39. Tomsen, The Wars of Afghanistan, 518; Jessica Stern, Terror in the Name of God (New York: Harper Perennial, 2004), 196-9.
40. Wiktorowicz, Radical Islam Rising (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005), 1-2.
41. Bruce Crumley, “A Pakistan Link in Europe Arrests,” Time, January 21, 2008.
42. Waldman, “The Sun in the Sky.”
43. Ashish Shukla, “Drug Trafficking in Pakistan: Threat to Regional Security,” Himalayan and Central Asian Studies July 2010, Volume 14, Issue 3, 67-85.
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid.
46. Aryn Baker, “Saudi Arabia Considers Nuclear Weapons After Iran’s Geneva Deal,” Time, November 26, 2013.
47. Aatish Taseer, “Why My father Hated India,” Wall Street Journal, July 16, 2011.
48. Phillip Jenkins, “Clerical Terror,” New Republic, December 24, 2008
49. Tamanna Khan and Jamil Mahmud, “He never let us read his books,” Daily Star (Bangladesh), October 6, 2013.

CHAPTER 11: IRAN AFTER THE ISLAMIC REVOLUTION (1979)

1. Quoted in Jalal Matini, “The Most Truthful Individual in Recent History,” Iranshenasi, Volume 14, Number 4, July 25, 2003. [Note: In English, part of this article is titled “Quotes from Ayatollah I Khomeini.”]
2. Quoted in Jennifer Michael Hecht, Doubt: A History (New York: HarperOne, 2004), 227-230.
3. Quoted in Alexander Zoltai, “Why should You care?” Blog Entry, https://amzuri.wordpress. com/2009/03/01/why-should-you-care/.
4. Bernard Lewis, “Iran in History,” 2001.
5. Carl Cannon, “Soraya M., Stoned to Death for Being an ‘Inconvenient Wife’,” Politics Daily, May 13, 2009.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Marguerite Del Giudice, “Persia: Ancient Soul of Iran,” National Geographic, August 2008, 9; Ervand Abrahamian, Iran Between Two Revolutions (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982), 534-5.
9. Ruhollah Khomeini, Islamic Government (London: Alhoda, 2002), 62-3. [Note: Publication information is for English translation. Previously, the book was limited to only a small number of people in Iran.]
10. Ibid, 54.
11. Moojan Momen, An Introduction to Shi’I Islam (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1987), 193.
12. Olivier Roy, The Failure of Political Islam (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998), 173- 4.
13. Abrahamian, Iran Between Two Revolutions, 502-3; Robert Graham, Iran: The Illusion of Power (Oxford: Berg Publishing, 1980), 213.
14. V. S. Naipaul, “Among the Believers,” Atlantic, July 1981, 4.
15. Ibid.
16. Khomeini, Islamic Government, 27, 137-8.
17. Jamsheed Choksy, “Why Iran’s Islamic Government Is Unraveling,” Hudson Institute, Current Trends in Islamist Ideology, Volume 10, 2010.
18. Mark Bowden, Guests of the Ayatollah (New York: Grove Press, 2007), 12, 93.
19. Ibid, 363-5, 400.
20. Baqer Moin, Khomeini (New York: I.B. Tauris, 2009), 227-8; Said Amir Arjomand, Turban for the Crown (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989), 139.
21. Nikki Keddie, Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006), 252.
22. Shaul Bakhash, Reign of the Ayatollahs (New York: Basic Books, 1990), 236; Moin, Khomeini, 229.
23. Stephen Kinzer, All the Shah’s Men (Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley and Sons, 2004).
24. James Risen, “Secrets of History: The C.I.A. in Iran,” New York Times, April 16, 2000; David Halberstam, The Fifties (New York: Ballantine Books, 1994), 366-7.
25. Willis Stanley, “The Strategic Culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran,” October 31, 2006, 19. [Note: Prepared for the Defence Threat Reduction Agency.]
26. Khomeini, Islamic Government, 27-8, 127.
27. Naipaul, “Among the Believers,” 3.
28. Del Giudice, “Persia,” 9.
29. Stanley, “The Strategic Culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran,” 22.
30. Naipaul, “Among the Believers,” 5.
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid.
33. Allamah Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai, Shi’ite Islam (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1979), 201-203.
34. Free Republic Website, “Iranian Muslims Women Are Free To Wear Or Not The Hejab,” December 13, 2003.
35. BBC News, “Top Iranian dissident threatened,” April 14, 2008.
36. BBC News, “Shirin Ebadi Nobel Peace Prize medal ‘seized by Iran’,” November 27, 2009.
37. Michael M. J. Fischer, Iran: From Religious Dispute to Revolution (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2003), 196.
38. Ibid, 154, 221-222; Joseph Kraft, “Letter from Iran,” New Yorker, Dec 18, 1978.
39. Lisa Daftari, “American pastor imprisoned without notice of charges,” Fox News, Dec 19, 2012; Rebecca Shimoni Stoil, “Saeed Abedini, DC’s other Iran issue,” Times of Israel (Israel), November 10, 2013.
40. Jamsheed Choksy, “How Iran persecutes its oldest religion,” CNN, November 14, 2011.
41. International Federation of Human Rights, “Discrimination against religious minorities in Iran,” August 2003, 11.
42. Ibid, 11-12.
43. Ibid, 12-13.
44. Del Giudice, “Persia: Ancient Soul of Iran,” 1.
45. Ibid, 4.
46. Stanley, “The Strategic Culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran,” 9.
47. Quoted in Reza Aslan, “The Epic of Iran,” New York Times, April 30, 2006; also, cf. Del Giudice,
48. “Persia: Ancient Soul of Iran,” 3.
49. Stanley, “The Strategic Culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran,” 11-3.
50. Aakar Patel, “Why Parsis are India’s Finest Citizens,” Tribune (Pakistan), December 29, 2012.
51. Del Giudice, “Persia: Ancient Soul of Iran,” 9.
52. Choksy, “Why Iran’s Islamic Government Is Unraveling.”

CHAPTER 12: GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL

1. Human Rights Watch, “Bad Dreams,” July 14, 2004.
2. Quoted in Michelle Fe Santiago, “Tortured Filipina Maid Cries For Justice,” Arab Times (Kuwait), April 10, 2013.
3. Quoted in Richard Morin, “Indentured Servitude in the Persian Gulf,” New York Times, April 12, 2013. [Note: Beydoun spent 685 days as an “economic hostage” in Qatar before being permitted to leave, as per Morin’s article.]
4. Sara Anabtawi, “Maid locked up without pay for 17 years in Saudi,” Arabian Business (UAE), March 26, 2012.
5. Froilan T. Malit Jr., Ali Al Youha, “Labor Migration in the United Arab Emirates: Challenges and Responses,” Migration Policy Institute, September 18, 2013.
6. Brian Ross and Jill Rackmill, “Dark Side of Dubai’s Boomtown,” ABC News, November 17, 2006.
7. Brad Lendon, “Man dies in jump from world’s tallest building,” CNN, May 10, 2011.
8. Nesrine Malik, “Dubai’s skyscrapers, stained by the blood of migrant workers,” Guardian (UK), May 27, 2011.
9. Human Rights Watch, “Building a Better World Cup,” June 12, 2012.
10. Ibid.
11. Manolo Abella, “Asian migrant and contract workers in the Middle East,” Cambridge Survey of World Migration (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 420; Douglas Massey et al., Worlds in Motion (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), 139.
12. Abella, 420.
13. Giovanna Campani, “Women Migrants: From Marginal Subjects to Social Actors,” Cambridge Survey of World Migration (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 546-550.
14. Human Rights Watch, “Building a Better World Cup.”
15. Andrzej Kapiszewski, “Arab Versus Asian Migrant Workers In The GCC Countries,” United Nations Expert Group Meeting On International Migration And Development In The Arab Region, May 17, 2006, 6-7.
16. Malik, “Dubai’s skyscrapers, stained by the blood of migrant workers.”
17. Ibid.
18. Ghaith Abdul-Ahad, “’We need slaves to build monuments,’” Guardian (UK), October 7, 2008.
19. Bhanu Bhatnagar, “Lost in the Gulf: India’s Missing Migrants,” Al Jazeera, November 11, 2007.
20. Basharat Peer, “A Maid’s Execution,” New Yorker, January 11, 2013.
21. Kaminer and O’Driscoll, “Workers at N.Y.U.’s Abu Dhabi Site Faced Harsh Conditions.”
22. Saul, “N.Y.U. Professor is Barred by United Arab Emirates.”
23. HumanRightsWatch,“BuildingTowers,CheatingWorkers,”November12,2006,27.
24. Ibid, 28-9.
25. Ibid, 28.
26. Ibid, 46.
27. Chen Zhi, “Ten Bangladeshi workers die in house fire,” Xinhua (China), May 27, 2012.
28. Ians, “78 workers not paid for six months by Saudi company,” Gulf News (Saudi Arabia), July 7, 2012.
29. Human Rights Watch, “Building Towers, Cheating Workers,” 33.
30. Human Rights Watch, “Bad Dreams.”
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
34. TNN, “Indian migrant workers return home,” Times of India (India), February 13, 2013. [Note: Journalist’s name abbreviated only.]
35. Human Rights Watch, “Bad Dreams.”
36. Ibid.
37. Human Rights Watch, “Building a Better World Cup.”
38. Saleh Al-Shaibany, “Thousands of South Asian workers strike at Oman airport,” Reuters, March 12, 2013.
39. Human Rights Watch, “Building Towers, Cheating Workers,” 45.
40. Telegraph (UK), “Maid’s beheading in Saudi Arabia,” June 23, 2011.
41. Human Rights Watch, “Bad Dreams.”
42. Jakarta Globe (Indonesia), “Indonesian Migrant Worker Shares Horror Story,” June 17, 2012.
43. Arab Times (Kuwait), “Nepali Maid Says Victim Of Torture,” March 14, 2013.
44. Santiago, “Tortured Filipina Maid Cries For Justice.”
45. Tahira Yaqoob, “British woman ‘kidnapped and gang-raped in Dubai’,” Daily Mail (UK), December 6, 2012.
46. EU Times, “Australian woman abused in UAE, jailed for 8 months for complaining to police,” March 28, 2011.
47. Ponce de Leon, “What to do if our maid absconds.”

CHAPTER 13: MUHAMMAD

1. Michael Hart, The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History (New York: Citadel, 2000), 33.
2. Quoted in Jamaal Zarabozo, What is Islam? (Saudi Arabia: Ministry of Islamic Affairs, 2007), 167.
3. Warner, The Life of Mohammed: A Taste of Islam (Center for the Study of Political Islam Publishing, 2010), 1
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid, 11-12.
6. Ibn Ishaq, 341-2
7. Jonathan Brockopp (editor), The Cambridge Companion to Muhammad (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 6-7; John Esposito (editor), The Oxford Dictionary of Islam (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), 280.
8. David Lamb, The Arabs: Journeys Beyond the Mirage (New York: Vintage, 2002), 55.
9. Ibid, 56; Reuven Firestone, Jihad: the Origins of Holy War in Islam (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), 114.
10. Richard Gabriel, Muhammad: Islam’s First Great General (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2007), 179.
11. Vaglieri, The Cambridge History of Islam (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977), 58.
12. Cf Ibn Ishaq 675-6.
13. Sahih Bukhari 1:4:234.
14. Qur’an 5:33.
15. Ibn Ishaq 145-6.
16. Lamb, 55; Robert Spencer, The Truth About Muhammad (Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 2007), 130-131; Judith Miller, God Has Ninety-Nine Names (New York: Touchstone, 1997), 91.
17. Ibn Ishaq 820.
18. Ibid, 821, 824.
19. Karl Jaspers, Socrates, Buddha, Confucius, Jesus (New York: Mariner, 1966), 87.
20. Qur’an 4:34
21. Qur’an 8:1, 41.
22. Qur’an4:24
23. Qur’an9:5
24. Christopher Phillips, Socrates in Love (New York: Norton, 2008), 131; BBC News (UK), “Confucian family tree ‘triples’,” September 25, 2009.
25. Fred Donner, The Early Islamic State (Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2008), 251-270.
26. Ibid, 90.
27. Ibid, 92.
28. Arvind Ghosh, The Koran and the Kafir (self-published, 1983), xiv.
29. Suhas Majumdar, Jihad: The Islamic Doctrine of Permanent War (New Delhi: Voice of Dharma, 1994), 29.
30. Qur’an 4:24.
31. In the judgment of Karl Jaspers, quoted in Kotta Satchidananda Murty, Revelation and Reason in Advaita Vedanta (Whitefish, MT: Literary Licensing, 2012), xvii.

CHAPTER 14: THE QUR’AN, SHARIA LAW, AND THE MOSQUE

1. Quoted in Jack Smith, Islam—the Cloak of Antichrist (WinePress Publishing, 2011), 151.
2. Quoted in The Message, 599.
3. Vijay Kumar, “Islam and Divine Deception,” supplement to Rutherford Reader, March 2011.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Qur’an 26:192-204.
7. Cf Qur’an 3:187, 5:15, 9:29ff.
8. Qur’an 5:13.
9. Qur’an 30:30.
10. Qur’an 4:95.
11. All unbelievers are included under this term. Although Christians and Jews may receive a protected status in Islamic societies, they are still kafirs as much as any polytheist or agnostic and are to be treated as such by Muslims.
12. Qur’an 4:24, 33:50; Sahih Bukhari 3:46:693.
13. The Sunna consists in the accepted biographies of Muhammad (collectively known as the Sira) and the authoritative collections of Muhamad’s sayings and doings (collectively known as the Hadith).
14. Saudi Arabia Const. Ch. I, Art. 1.
15. Dhammapada1:5.
16. Ibid, 17:221.
17. Matthew 5:43-47
18. Matthew 5:27-30
19. Matthew 5:11-12.
20. Cf Qur’an 33:57-61.
21. Matthew 22:35-40.
22. Qur’an 47:4.
23. Qur’an 86:15.
24. Qur’an 8:12.
25. Qur’an 3:28.
26. Qur’an 23:97.
27. Qur’an 8:65.
28. Cf Qur’an 30:42 and context.
29. Qur’an 42:7.
30. Cf Javed Ahmad Gahmidi, Islam: A Comprehensive Introduction (Lahore, Pakistan: Al-Mawrid, 2012), 46-7ff. [Note: Published as Mizan in some contexts; title is in English.]
31. Mitchell Bard, “The Treatment of Jews in Arab/Islamic Countries,” Jewish Virtual Library, https:// www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/anti-semitism/Jews_in_Arab_lands_%28gen%29.html.
32. American Center for Law and Justice, “Sharia Law: Radical Islam’s Threat to the U.S. Constitution,” 5.
33. The two most authoritative collections in the Hadith are known as Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim. “Sahih” just means authoritative, and “Bukhari” and “Muslim” are the names of the two collectors who wrote down what they heard. Both collections were made long after Muhammad’s lifetime and therefore rely on oral traditions. Other collections also exist in the Hadith, but Bukhari and Muslim are the most prestigious and widely accepted.
34. American Center for Law and Justice, “Sharia Law: Radical Islam’s Threat to the U.S. Constitution,” 6.
35. Ibid.
36. Bill Warner, Sharia Law for the Non-Muslim (Center for the Study of Political Islam, 2010), 6-9.
37. Cf Qur’an 33:57-61.
38. Cf Qur’an 9:29.
39. Jeremy Grunert, “How do you Solve a Problem like Sharia?,” Pepperdine Law Review, Volume 40, Issue 3, April 8, 2013, 696. See fn 4-7 for examples.
40. Quoted in Grunert, “How do you Solve a Problem Like Sharia?” 695-6.
41. Qur’an 9:29.
42. Qur’an 2:228.
43. Qur’an 2:282.
44. Qur’an 4:34.
45. Quoted in Morgan, “Saudi Arabia’s Export of Radical Islam.” Family Security Matters, January 16, 2007.
46. Abbasali Farahati, “The Mosque as the First Political-Ideological Base in the Islamic Society,” Journal of Politics and Law Volume 4, Number 1, March 2011, 1-4.
47. Ibid, 5.
48. Enza Ferreri, “Mosques are the Battleground of the War between Islam and the West,” Blog Entry, April 29, 2013, http://enzaferreri.blogspot.com/2013/04/mosques-are-battleground-of-war- between.html#axzz3ahmOIDp2.
49. Institute for the Study of Islam and Christianity, “Implications of Saudi funding,” February 7, 2006.
50. Morgan, “Saudi Arabia’s Export of Radical Islam.”
51. Emma Graham-Harrison, “Saudi Arabia Funding $100m Kabul Mosque and Education Centre,” Guardian (UK), November 2, 2012.
52. Morgan, “Saudi Arabia’s Export of Radical Islam.”
53. Ibid.
54. Stephen Schwartz, “Al Qaeda, Other Terror Groups Swim in Global Sea of Saudi-Funded Wahhabi Institutions,” Center for Islamic Pluralism, August 22, 2007.
55. Nina Shea, “Saudi Publications on Hate Ideology Invade American Mosques,” Freedom House, 2005, 40.
56. Ibid, 19.
57. Ibid, 28.
58. Ibid, 57.
59. Ibid, 58.

CHAPTER 15: THE UMMAH

1. See Qur’an 23:52.
2. Fazlur Shaikh, The Chronology of the Prophetic Events (London: Ta-Ha Publishers, 2001), 72.
3. Quoted in Subhani, “The Message.”
4. Bader Saleh Almansour, “On ‘non-Arabic speaking’ Muslims,” Griffith Working Papers in Pragmatics and Intercultural Communication, Volume 3, Issue 1, 2010).
5. Pew Research, “Muslim-Majority Countries,” Jan 27, 2011.
6. Cf Willem Floor, “The Economic Role of the Ulama in Qajar Persia,” (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 57.
7. Ibid, 58.
8. Belle, Shah, Parfitt, and Thomas, “Y chromosomes of self-identified Syeds from the Indian subcontinent show evidence of elevated Arab ancestry but not of a recent common patrilineal origin,” Archaeological and Anthropological Science, 2010.
9. Floor, “The Economic Role of the Ulama in Qajar Persia,” 58.
10. Sikand, “Islam and Caste Inequality Among Indian Muslims,” CounterCurrents.org, February 15, 200.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibn Ishaq 243.
16. Sahih Bukhari 9:28:256.
17. Stephen Brown, “Al-Qaeda’s Anti-Black Racism,” FrontPage, February 5, 2013.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Mona Eltahawy, “The Arab world’s dirty secret,” New York Times, November 10, 2008.
21. Daniel Greenfield, “Islamic Slavery and Racism,” FrontPage, April 2, 2013.
22. Paul Bairoch, Mythes et paradoxes de l’histoire économique (Paris: La Decouverte, 2005).
23. Orlando Patterson, Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985), 159.
24. The Muslim Issue, “Racism against blacks in Iraq,” blog posted on September 18, 2013. https:// themuslimissue.wordpress.com/2013/09/18/video-racism-against-blacks-in-iraq-blacks-are-still- viewed-as-inferior-slaves-unimportant-useless-objects/
25. Jeff Grabmeier, “When Europeans were slaves,” Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500-1800 (New York: Palgrave, 2004).
26. Murray Gordon, Slavery in the Arab World (Lanham, MD: New Amsterdam Books, 1998), 21.
27. Bernard Lewis, Race and Slavery in the Middle East (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992), 10.
28. Patrick Manning, Slavery and African Life (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 28.
29. R. Brunschvig, “Abd,” Encyclopedia of Islam (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1961), 15.
30. Suzy Hansen, “Islam’s black slaves.” Salon, April 5, 2001.
31. Hansen, “Islam’s black slaves.”
32. Gordon, Slavery in the Arab World, 79.
33. Quoted in Paul Halsall, “Medieval Sourcebook: Pact of Umar, 7th Century?” (New York Fordham University, 1996).
34. George Thomas, “Christian, Jewish Persecution Up in Muslim Nations,” Christian Broadcasting Network, May 24, 2013.
35. Raymond Ibrahim, “Muslim Persecution of Christians: 2013,” FrontPage, March 28, 2013.
36. Ibid.
37. Ibid.
38. Qur’an 3:118, 4:89.
39. Qur’an 46:26-7.
40. Sahih Bukhari 1:3:111, 4:52:283, 9:83:50.
41. Sahih Muslim 26:5389, 26:5390.
42. Al Jazeera, “Hajj: Major incidents,” November 19, 2009.
43. Guardian (UK), “A history of hajj tragedies,” January 13, 2006.
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid.
46. Rebecca Kreston, “The Endless Public Health Challenges of the Hajj,” Discover, October 9, 2013.
47. Ahmed Maher, “The economics of Hajj: Money and pilgrimage,” BBC News, October 25, 2012.
48. Ibid.
49. Sharaf Mowjood, “The Price of a Pilgrimage,” New York Pulse, December 4, 2009.
50. Miriam Puttick, “Managing the Hajj: Pilgrimage and the Politics of Race and Class,” International Political Forum, October 8, 2013.
51. Ibid.
52. Reuters, “Up to 2.5 million Muslims performed hajj this year,” December 22, 2007.
53. Angus McDowall and Asma Alsharif, “Saudi’s illegal immigrants draw fear of ‘infiltrators’,” Reuters, march 27, 2013.
54. Ibid.

CHAPTER 16: SUFISM

1. Al-Biruni was a famous 10th century Persian Muslim scholar. He spent several decades studying and writing in India.
2. R.C. Zaehner, Hindu and Muslim Mysticism (London: Oneworld, 1995), 2.
3. Annemarie Schimmel, Mystical Dimensions of Islam (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, 1978), 404.
4. Philip Jenkins, “Mystical power,” Boston Globe, January 25, 2009.
5. Carl Ernst, “Situating Sufism and Yoga,” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 15, Number 1, April 2005, 22.
6. Schimmel, Mystical Dimensions of Islam, 3-4.
7. Evelyn Underhill, Practical Mysticism (New York: Digireads.com, 2010), 45-6.
8. Schimmel, Mystical Dimensions of Islam, 283.
9. Zaehner, Hindu and Muslim Mysticism, 2-3.
10. Ibid, 100.
11. Ibid, 102.
12. Ibid, 104-5.
13. Ibid, 106-7.
14. Ibid, 102.
15. Quoted in Zaehner, Hindu and Muslim Mysticism, 101-2.
16. Schimmel, Mystical Dimensions of Islam, 345.
17. Ibid.
18. Quoted in Rajeshkumar Gambhava, “Sufis and Sufism in India X-rayed,” archived at http://www. scribd.com/doc/60700109/Sufis-and-Sufism-in-India-X-Rayed#scribd.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Zaehner, Hindu and Muslim Mysticism, 38.
22. Ibid, 108.
23. Ibid, 91.
24. Quoted in Zaehner, Hindu and Muslim Mysticism, 108.
25. Quoted in Swami Nikhilananda, Self-Knowledge: Atmabodha (New York: Ramakrishna Vivekananda Center, 1974), 126.
26. Quoted in Suhas Majumdar, Jihad: The Islamic Doctrine of Permanent War (Voice of Dharma, 2014), 12.
27. Schimmel, Mystical Dimensions of Islam, 65-8.
28. Ibid, 263.
29. Ibid, 403.
30. Ibid, 359.
31. Ibid, 362-3.
32. Schimmel, Mystical Dimensions of Islam, 213-4.
33. Arnott, “Thousands gather to see a hair from Muhammad’s beard,” NBC News, February 16, 2011.
34. Cf Sahih Bukhari 1.8.419, 1.8.427.
35. Jenkins, “Mystical power.”
36. JuanEduardoCampo,EncyclopediaofIslam(NewYork:CheckmarkBooks,2009),601.
37. Benoit-Lavelle, “Tunisian Salafis on the Rise.”
38. Jamal Al-Sharif, “Salafis in Sudan: Non-interference or Confrontation,” Al Jazeera, July 3, 2012.
39. Owais Tohid, “In Pakistan, militant attacks on Sufi shrines on the rise,” Christian Science Monitor, November 5, 2010.
40. David Nakamura, “Attacks on Pakistan’s Sufi Islamic shrines complicate war on militants,” Washington Post, October 30, 2010
41. Yusuf Hijazi, “Sufism: Its Origins,” Nida’ul Islam,(Australia), February-March 1998. http://www. islam.org.au.
42. Ibid.

CHAPTER 17: UNIVERSAL JIHAD

1. Quoted in Efraim Karsh, Islamic Imperialism (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006), 232.
2. Winston Churchill, The River War (London: Longmans, Green, 1899), 248-50.
3. Vahakn Dadrian, Warrant for Genocide: Key Elements of Turko-Armenian Conflict (Piscataway NJ: Transaction Publishing, 2003), 25.
4. Ibid, 12-3.
5. Veccia Vaglieri, “Khaybar,” Encyclopedia of Islam (Boston, MA: Brill Academic, 2003); David Margoliouth, Mohammed and the Rise of Islam (New York: Cosimo Classics, 2010), 362-3.
6. Bernard Lewis, The Middle East: A Brief History of the Last 2,000 Years (New York: Scribner, 1997), 233-4.
7. Quoted in Karsh, Islamic Imperialism: A History, 4.
8. Lewis, The Middle East, 138.
9. Bernard Lewis, The Crisis of Islam (New York: Random House, 2004), 7.
10. Karsh, Islamic Imperialism, 62.
11. Michael Axworthy, A History of Iran: Empire of the Mind (New York: Basic Books, 2010), 66
12. Philip Jenkins, The Lost History of Christianity (New York: HarperOne, 2009), 101.
13. Lewis, The Middle East, 36.
14. Axworthy, A History of Iran: Empire of the Mind, 75.
15. Ilia Alon, “Dhimma,” Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa (Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group, 2004), 703-4.
16. Ibid.
17. Jenkins, The Lost History of Christianity, 100.
18. Ibid, 104.
19. Paul Fregosi, Jihad in the West (Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 1998), 126-8.
20. John Joseph Saunders, A History of Medieval Islam (London: Routledge, 1978), 89.
21. Hafizullah Emadi, Culture and Customs of Afghanistan (Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood, 2005), 54.
22. Jamal Malik, Islam in South Asia (Boston, MA: Brill Academic, 2008), 42-8.
23. Fred Donner, “Muhammad and the Caliphate,” Oxford History of Islam (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 30.
24. Lewis, The Middle East, 87.
25. Carter Vaughn Findley, The Turks in World History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), 66.
26. Lewis, The Middle East, 87.
27. Findley, The Turks in World History, 71-2.
28. Lewis, The Middle East, 95.
29. Jenkins, The Lost History of Christianity, 116.
30. J.B. Segal, Edessa: The Blessed City (Piscataway NJ: Gorgias, 2005), 252-4.
31. Akbar Ahmed, quoted in Rodney Stark, God’s Battalions: The Case for the Crusades (New York: HarperOne, 2010), 4.
32. Bernard Lewis, quoted in Robert Spencer, Religion of Peace?, (Washington, DC: Regnery, 2007), 102.
33. Robert Spencer, The Politically Incorrect Guide to Islam (Washington, DC: Regnery, 2005), 122-5.
34. See Karsh, Islamic Imperialism, 72.
35. Lewis, The Crisis of Islam, 48-9.
36. Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1999), 592.
37. Karsh, Islamic Imperialism, 87.
38. Ibid, 88.
39. Jenkins, The Lost History of Christianity, 125-9.
40. Lewis, The Middle East, 111.
41. James Reston, Defenders of the Faith (New York: Penguin, 2010), 171, 186-99.
42. Dannis Hupchick, The Balkans (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), 140.
43. John Cox, The History of Serbia (Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood, 2002), 39.
44. Quoted in Laurence Mitchell, Serbia (Buckinghamshire, UK: Bradt Travel Guides, 2013), 360.
45. Hupchick, The Balkans, 212-5.
46. Florian Bieber & Zhidas Daskalovski, “Claims to Kosovo,” Understanding the War in Kosovo (London: Frank Cass, 2003), 15-6.
47. Samuel McClure, Obstacles to Peace (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1918), 400-1; Yair Auron, The Banality of Indifference (Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2001), 181-3.
48. Vahakn Dadrian, The History of the Armenian Genocide (New York: Berghahn, 2003), 224; Robert Fisk, The Great War for Civilisation (New York: Vintage, 2007), 329-31.
49. Dadrian, The History of the Armenian Genocide, 349.
50. New York Times, “Exiled Armenians Starve in the Desert,” August 8, 1916.
51. BBC News, “French in Armenia ‘genocide’ row,” October 12, 2006.
52. Quoted in Robert Spencer, “The Myth of Islamic Tolerance,” (Amherst, Prometheus Books, 2005), 53-4.
53. Qur’an 47:4.
54. Qur’an 9:29.
55. Kristen Stilt, Islamic Law in Action (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), 122.
56. Quoted in James Lindsay, Daily Life in the Medieval Islamic World (Cambridge, MA: Hackett Publishing, 2008), 121.
57. Bat Ye’or, Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide (Teaneck, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2001), 71.
58. Stilt, Islamic Law in Action, 123.
59. Ibid.
60. Ibid, 126.
61. Ye’or, “A Christian Minority,” 235.
62. Tom Holland, In the Shadow of the Sword (2013), 401.
63. Spencer, “Protected Peoples Under Islam,” 93.
64. Quoted in Alfonso, Islamic Culture through Jewish Eyes, 107-8.
65. Harris, The End of Faith, 114.
66. Spencer, “Dhimmi Peoples: Oppressed Nations,” 134.
67. Gordon, Slavery in the Arab World, 7-11.
68. Holland, In the Shadow of the Sword (New York: Anchor, 2012), 396-7.
69. Caroline Finkel, Osman’s Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire (New York: Basic Books, 2007), 75.
70. Peter Golden, Central Asia in World History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), 64.
71. Murray Gordon, Slavery in the Islamic World (Lanham, MD: New Amsterdam Books, 1998), 6.
72. Karsh, Islamic Imperialism, 65.
73. Giles Milton, White Gold (New York: Farrar, Strauss, & Giroux, 2005), 30.
74. Ibid.
75. Ibid, 271.
76. Milton, White Gold, 13-5.
77. Gordon, Slavery in the Arab World, 5.
78. Ibid, 78.
79. Ibid, 105.
80. Ibid, 79.
81. Ibid, 79-80.
82. Milton, White Gold, 29.
83. Finkel, Osman’s Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire, 466.
84. Spencer, “The Myth of Islamic Tolerance,” 46.
85. Lewis, The Middle East, 69.
86. Joel Kraemer, Maimonides: The Life and World of One of Civilization’s Greatest Minds (New York: Doubleday, 2010), 4.
87. Karsh, Islamic Imperialism, 63.
88. Ibid, 63-4.
89. Ibid, 64.
90. Jenkins, The Lost History of Christianity, 77.
91. Axworthy, A History of Iran: Empire of the Mind, 68, 81-3.
92. www.thereligionofpeace.com
93. Quoted in Robert Spencer, Stealth Jihad (Washington, DC: Regnery, 2008), 94.
94. Soeren Kern, “In Germany, Turkish Muslims Hope for Muslim Majority,” Jewish Press, August 27, 2012.

CHAPTER 18: WHAT ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION?

1. Quoted in Moyers, “Bill Moyers on Faith & Reason.”
2. Arthur Goldschmidt and Lawrence Davidson, “A Concise History of the Middle East,” (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2012).
3. André Servier, L’Islame et la psychologie du musulman (Paris, 1923), 153.
4. Barack Obama, “Remarks by the President On a New Beginning,” June 4, 2009 at Cairo University.
5. Jane Smith, “Islam and Christendom,” http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/book/ islam-9780195107999/islam-9780195107999-chapter-7.
6. Salim, Al-Hassani, 1001 Inventions: The Enduring Legacy of Muslim Civilization (Washington, DC: National Geographic, 2012), 17.
7. Banister Fletcher, A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method (Charleston, SC: Nabu Press, 2011), 476; Richard Krautheimer, Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1984), 285.
8. Oleg Grabar, The Formation of Islamic Art (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1987), 70.
9. Rina Avner, “The Dome of the Rock in Light of the Development of Concentric Martyria in Jerusalem: Architecture and Architectural Iconography,” Muqarnas: An Annual on the Visual Culture of the Islamic World, Volume 27, 2010, 43-4.
10. De Lacy O’Leary, “How Greek Science Passed to the Arabs,” London: Routledge, 1949, http:// www.aina.org/books/hgsptta.htm.
11. “Islam, the Greeks, and the Scientific Revolution,” Assyrian International News Agency: http:// www.aina.org/articles/greek2.pdf (Accessed: August 28, 2013).
12. Ibid.
13. O. Neugebauer, The Exact Sciences in Antiquity (Mineola, NY: Dover, 1969), 239 (and op. cit).
14. Richard Bulliet, et al., The Earth and Its Peoples: A Global History (Cengage Learning), Volume 1, 192. [Note: Information was retrieved from a reprint, which is cited in this endnote.]
15. M. A. Khan, Islamic Jihad: A Legacy of Forced Conversion, Imperialism, and Slavery (Felibri.com, 2011), 168-9.
16. Catherine Holmes, “Written Culture in Byzantium and Beyond,” Literacy, Education and Manuscript Transmission in Byzantium and Beyond, (Piscataway, NJ: Brill Academic, 2002) 5.
17. See endnote 7.
18. Bernard Lewis, What Went Wrong? The Clash Between Islam and Modernity in the Middle East (New York: Harper Perennial, 2003), 139.
19. Jonathan David Carson, “The Not-So Golden Age of Islamic Philosophy,” American Thinker, August 19, 2005.
20. Glick, ed., “William of Moerbeke,” New Catholic Encyclopedia, 2003.
21. Quentin Skinner, Visions of Politics II: Renaissance Virtues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 30-1.
22. A. C. Crombie, The History of Science from Augustine to Galileo (Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 1996), 53.
23. Donald Nicol, Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1992), 419.
24. Ibid, 420.
25. William McNeill, Venice: The Hinge of Europe (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1974), 1081- 1797, 158.
26. Fjordman quoted in Robert Spencer, “Islam, the Greeks, and the Scientific Revolution,” http:// www.jihadwatch.org/2007/09/fjordman-islam-the-greeks-and-the-scientific-revolution-part-1.
27. McNeill, 160.
28. Robert Spencer, Islam Unveiled: Disturbing Questions About the World’s Fastest Growing Faith (Jackson, TN: Encounter Books, 2003), 122.
29. Ibn Rushd…
30. Carson, “The Not-so Golden Age…”
31. Jonathan David Carson, “What Islamic Science and Philosophy,” American Thinker, December 1, 2006.
32. Ibid.
33. Philip Hitti, Islam: A Way of Life (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1970), 107.
34. Spencer, 124.
35. David Pryce-Jones, The Closed Circle: An Interpretation of the Arabs (Lanham, MD: Ivan R. Dee, 2009), 33.
36. Glenn Fairman, “The ‘Closed Circle’ of the Arab,” American Thinker, January 13, 2013.

CHAPTER 19: SUICIDE BOMBERS

1. Shaykh Yusuf ibn Salih Al-Uyayri, “The Islamic Ruling on the Permissibility of Self-
   Sacrificial Operations,” This is our Aqidah, 10. https://books.google.com/books?id=frA_ GYWDROUC&dq=Al-Uyayri,+The+Islamic+Ruling+on+the+Permissibility+of+Self-Sacrificial+ Operations&source=gbs_navlinks_s. [Note: A key passage used to justify suicide bombing.]
2. Quoted in Bobby Ghosh, “The Mind of a Female Suicide Bomber,” Time, June 22, 2008. [Note: The speaker is a cameraman who filmed the deadly suicide bomb attack of Hasna Maryi, who volunteered for the mission.]
3. BBC, “Iraq’s ‘female bomber recruiter’,” February 4, 2009.
4. Ibid.
5. Riaz Hassan, “Global Rise of Suicide Terrorism: An Overview,” Asian Journal of Social Science, Volume 36, Issue 2, 2008, 277-8.
6. Ibid.
7. RiazHassan, “What Motivates the Suicide Bombers?,” Yale Center for the Study of Globalization, September 3, 2009.
8. Wright, The Looming Tower, 340-76.
9. Ghosh, “The Mind of a Female Suicide Bomber.”
10. Bloom, “Terror’s Stealth Weapon: Women.”
11. Tenochtitlan, “Pregnant woman persuaded to bomb airline by boyfriend.”
12. Crenshaw, “Explaining Suicide Terrorism: A Review Essay,” 139-40.
13. Ibid, 140-1; Hassan, “What Motivates the Suicide Bombers?”
14. Martha Crenshaw, “Explaining Suicide Terrorism: A Review Essay,” Web of Science (London: Routledge, 2007), 134-5.
15. Ibid, 140.
16. Qur’an 6:151.
17. Sahih Bukhari 4:52.
18. Cf Qur’an 4:29.
19. Cf Qur’an 3:169-170.
20. Cf Qur’an 4:74.
21. Al-Uyayri, The Islamic Ruling on the Permissibility of Self-Sacrificial Operations, 8.
22. Ibid, 10-28.
23. Ibid, 35.
24. Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj al-Naysaburi, Sahih Muslim, 42:7148. http://sunnah.com/muslim [Note: Translation retrieved from Sunna translation website as noted above.]
25. Al-Uyayri, The Islamic Ruling on the Permissibility of Self-Sacrificial Operations, 13. [Note: The story of the boy and the king is later called the “strongest evidence” for their cause (p. 37).]
26. Nuh Ha MIM Keller, Reliance of the Traveler: A Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law (Beltsville, MD: Amana 1997), 710.
27. Crenshaw, “Explaining Suicide Terrorism: A Review Essay,” 140.
28. Ibid, 137.
29. Hassan, “Global Rise of Suicide Terrorism: An Overview,” 274.
30. M. H. Hicks et al., “Casualties in civilians and coalition soldiers from suicide bombings in Iraq, 2003-10.” National Institutes of Health, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21890055.
31. Hassan, “Global Rise of Suicide Terrorism: An Overview,” 271-2.
32. Ibid, 274.
33. Al-Uyayri, The Islamic Ruling on the Permissibility of Self-Sacrificial Operations, 9.
34. Ibid.
35. BBC, “Pakistan: Teenager tells of failed suicide bomb mission,” April 18, 2011.
36. Ibid.
37. Crenshaw, “Explaining Suicide Terrorism: A Review Essay,” 141.
38. Ibid, 146.
39. Ibid, 142.
40. Al-Uyayri, The Islamic Ruling on the Permissibility of Self-Sacrificial Operations, 37-9.
41. Henry Dodd, “A Short history of suicide bombing,” Action on Armed Violence, August 23, 2013.
42. Nikki Murfitt, “Taliban tried to make eight-year-old a suicide bomber,” Daily Mail (UK), July 20, 2013.
43. Associated Press, “Police: Pakistani Girl Forced to Wear Suicide Vest,” June 20, 2011.
44. Indian Express (India), “For hire, only in Pakistan: Suicide bombers!,” December 24, 2008.
45. Ibid.

CHAPTER 20: WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN ISLAM

1. Robert Spencer and Phyllis Chesler, “The Violent Oppression of Women in Islam,” January 31, 2007, 17. http://www.terrorismawareness.org/islamo-fascism/81/the-violent-oppression-of- women-in-islam/.
2. http://www.politicalislam.com/trilogy-project/
3. Jamie Glazov, “Islam and the Submission of Women,” Front Page, October 10 2007.
4. Bill Warner, The Islamic Doctrine of Women, Center for the Study of Political Islam, 2010, 7-8.
5. Ibid, 10-11.
6. Qur’an 2:228.
7. Ibid, 4:34.
8. Al-Tirmidhi 3272.
9. Cf Sahih Bukhari 1:4:148, 8:74:257.
10. Cf Qur’an 33:55.
11. Qur’an 24:60.
12. Warner, The Islamic Doctrine of Women, 13.
13. V. S. Naipaul, “Among the Believers,” Atlantic, July 1981, 3.
14. Qur’an 2:282.
15. Cf Sahih Bukhari 1:6:301.
16. Qur’an 4:11; repeated in Sahih Bukhari 4:176.
17. Qur’an 4:19.
18. Sahih Muslim 4:1039.
19. Arab News, “Proposal to raise blood money limit gets royal consent,” September 7, 2011.
20. Warner, The Islamic Doctrine of Women, 14-5.
21. Qur’an 2:223.
22. Cf Sahih Bukhari 62:81.
23. Warner, The Islamic Doctrine of Women, 16.
24. Spencer and Chesler, “The Violent Oppression of Women in Islam,” 13.
25. Ibid, 15; Andrew Bushell, “Child Marriage in Afghanistan and Pakistan,” America, March 11, 2012.
26. Spencer and Chesler, “The Violent Oppression of Women in Islam,” 12.
27. Qur’an 2:228, 2:232.
28. Abu Dawud 2142.
29. Spencer and Chesler, “The Violent Oppression of Woman in Islam,” 9.
30. Ibid, 16.
31. Quoted in Spencer and Chesler, “The Violent Oppression of Woman in Islam,” 8.
32. Cf Sahih Muslim 3:684; Ibn Ishaq 564.
33. Warner, The Islamic Doctrine of Women, 27-8.
34. Quoted in Spencer and Chesler, “The Violent Oppression of Woman in Islam,” 9.
35. BBC, “Failure to stop FGM is a ‘national scandal’, say MPs,” July 3, 2014.
36. Glazov, “Islam and the Submission of Women.”
37. Voice of America, “Women in Syria’s Kurdistan Region Work to Stop Sexual Violence,” November 27, 2013.
38. Warner, The Islamic Doctrine of Women, 17-8.
39. Spencer and Chesler, “The Violent Oppression of Woman in Islam,” 20.
40. Ibid, 21.
41. Ibid, 22-3.
42. Ibid, 23-4.
43. Judy Bachrach, “Twice Branded: Western Women in Muslim Lands,” World Affairs Journal, Summer 2009, 137.
44. Wafa Sultan, A God Who Hates (New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 2011), 137.
45. http://en.europenews.dk/Video-Wafa-Sultan-Islam-was-created-to-serve-Muhammad-and- legitimize-his-desires–79031.html
46. Quoted in Kathryn Lopez, “We Don’t Like to Hear That Here,” National Review, November 20, 2006.
47. Ibid.

CHAPTER 21: ISLAM IS ARAB IMPERIALISM

1. Massimo Calabresi, “America’s Twilight War,” Time, January 30, 2014.
2. Ibid.
3. Massimo Calabresi, “Dutch Supreme Court Blocks Extradition of Al-Qaeda Suspect to U.S,” Time, July 11, 2014.
4. Caroline May, “Obama admin unilaterally changes law to allow immigrants,” Daily Caller, February 5, 2014.
5. American Dream, “Islamic Terror Groups Killing Christians All Over The World,” RightSideNews.com, September 24, 2013.
6. Barack Obama, “Text: Obama’s Speech in Cairo,” New York Times, transcript published on June 4, 2009.
7. Barack Obama, “Remarks by the President to the UN General Assembly,” transcribed by The White House, September 25, 2012.
8. “Text: Obama’s Speech in Cairo.”
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. Susan Page, “Poll: Grim assessment of wars in Iraq, Afghanistan,” USA Today, January 31, 2014.
12. Martin Robinson, “War in Afghanistan has ‘failed’,” Daily Mail (UK), November 16, 2012.
13. Costs of War Project, Watson Institute for International Studies, Brown University. http:// costsofwar.org/.
14. Daniel Davis, “To Salvage What we can From Afghanistan, Our Leaders Must Admit that the War has Failed,” Daily Beast, January 23, 2014.
15. Phyllis Bennis, “Iraq War a Failure on All Fronts,” U.S. News, November 11, 2011; United Nations High Commissioner on Refugees, “2014 UNHCR country operations profile – Iraq,” October 14, 2014. http://www.caofisr.org/news_detail.php?news=11.
16. Palestinian Media Watch, “Rewriting History: Jewish History Rewritten.” http://www.palwatch. org/main.aspx?fi=487. [Note: Videos have various publications dates on the same webpage.]
17. Ibid.
18. Itamar Marcus and Barbara Cook, “’Kill a Jew – Go to Heaven:’ A Study of the Palestinian Authority’s Promotion of Genocide,” Palestine Media Watch, 2005. www.pmw.org.il/KAJ_eng. htm, citing and quoting from Palestinian Authority Televsion, May 25, 2004.
19. Palestinian Media Watch, “Religious War: All Israel is Islamic Holy Land.”
20. Quoted in André Wink, Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World: : Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7Th-11th Centuries (Boston, MA: Brill Academic, 2002), 192-3.
21. BruceBawer,“NotallMuslimswanttointegrate,”ChristianScienceMonitor,November17,2005.
22. Bruce Bawer, While Europe Slept: How Radical Islam is Destroying the West from Within (New York: Anchor, 2007), 239.
23. G.M. Davis, Religion of Peace? Islam’s War Against the World (Washington, DC: World Ahead Publishing, 2006), 115.
24. Dore Gold, Hatred’s Kingdom: How Saudi Arabia Supports the New Global Terrorism (Washington, DC: Regnery, 2004), 127.
25. Ibid, 131-44.
26. Ibid, 184.
27. Eric Lichtblau, “Documents Back Saudi Link to Extremists,” New York Times, June 23, 2009.
28. BBC News, “Wikileaks: Saudis ‘chief funders of Sunni militants’,” December 5, 2010.
29. “Saudi Arabia Terrorist Financing Issues,” CRS Report for Congress, September 14, 2007.
30. Investigative Project, “Qatar’s Duplicitous Game,” May 9, 2013.
31. Samuel Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon & Shuster, 2011), 207.
32. Ibid, 33.
33. Majid Khadduri, War and Peace in the Law of Islam (Clark, NJ: Lawbook Exchange, 2010), 59.
34. Huntington, 209.
35. Khadduri, War and Peace in the Law of Islam, 59.
36. Ibid, 80.
37. Huntington, 256.
38. Ibid, 257-258.
39. Ibid.
40. Ibid.
41. Ibid, 263.

CHAPTER 22: ISLAM IN THE 21ST CENTURY

1. S.K. Malik, The Quranic Concept of War (Mumbai, India: Himalayan Books, 1986), 144.
2. Majid Khadduri, War and Peace in the Law of Islam (Clark, NJ: Lawbook Exchange, 2010), 52.
3. Ibid, 64.
4. Aminu Abubakar and Josh Levs, “’I will sell them,’ Boko Haram leader says of kidnapped Nigerian girls.”
5. Hinshaw, Barnes, and Vogt, “Distrust Hampers Search for Nigerian Girls Abducted by Boko Haram,” CNN, May 6, 2014.
6. Agence France-Presse, “’Al-Qaeda financed Bali’ claims Hambali report,” October 6, 2003.
7. Associated Press, “Terror group says it bombed Philippines ferry; 180 missing,” February 29, 2004.
8. BBC News, “Obituary: Shamil Basayev,” July 10, 2006.
9. CNN Library, “Beslan School Siege Fast Facts,” CNN, August 21, 2014.
10. Quoted in BBC News, “Excerpts: Basayev claims Beslan,” September 17, 2004.
11. Paul Hamilos, “The worst Islamist attack in European history,” Guardian (UK), October 31, 2007.
12. Quoted in BBC News, “London bomber: Text in full,” September 1, 2005.
13. IBN Live (India), “The 1993 Mumbai blasts: what exactly happened on March 12 that year,” March 21, 2013.
14. Press Release, “Boko Haram and U.S. Counterterrorism Assistance to Nigeria,” U.S. Department of State, May 14, 2014.
15. This is why claims that Islam is a “religion of peace” are simply erroneous. Even within Islam, theological disagreements still provoke violent reprisals on a large scale.
16. Edwin Mora, “Sunni Muslum ‘Extremists’ Committed 70% of Terrorist Murders in 2011,” CNS News, August 3, 2012.
17. Peter Bergan and David Sterman, “U.S. right wing extremists more deadly than jihadists,” CNN, April 15, 2014.
18. Henrik Clausen, “The profound problem of Muslim immigration,” Europe News (Denmark), December 26, 2010.
19. Quoted in Sahih Muslim, The Messenger, 599.
20. Qur’an3:85.
21. Ibid, 9:5.
22. Efraim Karsh, Islamic Imperialism: A History (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006), 62.
23. Khadduri, War and Peace in the Law of Islam, 59.
24. Qur’an 9:19-20.
25. See Part 3, Chapter 1, “Muhammad.”
26. See Part 4, Chapter 1, “Universal Jihad.”
27. See Rees, “The shared genetic heritage of Jews and Palestinians.” Blogged at Epephenom, January 20, 2009. http://www.patheos.com/blogs/epiphenom/2009/01/shared-genetic-heritage-of-jews- and.html.
28. Nikita Khrushchev, “On Peaceful Coexistence,” Foreign Affairs, October 1959. Compare Khrushchev’s comments with Islam, which cannot accept such a relationship with the non-Islamic world even in theory. It necessarily seeks to alter both the government and the mode of life of all non-Islamic countries everywhere.
29. Rolf Mowatt-Larssen, “Al Qaeda’s Nuclear Ambitions,” Foreign Policy, November 16, 2010.
30. Quoted in Rolf Mowatt-Larssen, “Islam and the Bomb,” Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, January 2011, 72.
31. Quoted in Alan Johnson, “Plagued by Optimism,” Guardian (UK), July 13, 2008.
32. Quoted in Jeremy Bernstein, “Iran and the Bomb: An Update,” New York Review of Books, June 2, 2011.

CHAPTER 23: INDIA BEFORE ISLAM

1. Quoted in Steven Knapp, The Power of the Dharma (Bloomington, IN: iUniverse, Inc, 2006), 11.
2. Quoted in Alfred Deakin, Irrigated India (W. Thacker, 1893), 15.
3. Quoted in H.L. Singh, The Treasury of Hinduism (Punjab India: Adarsh Enterprises, 2007), 199.
4. A.L. Basham, The Wonder That Was India (New York: Picador, 2014), 9.
5. “King Piyadasi” is Ashoka himself.
6. I.3.28.
7. William Durant and Ariel Durant, The Story of Civilization, Volume 1 (New York: MJF Books, 1993), 393.
8. Basham, 4.
9. Ibid, 8-9.
10. Ibid, 4.
11. Ibid, 217.
12. Ibid, 88-9.
13. Ibid, 114.
14. Ibid, 101.
15. Ibid, 93.
16. Ibid, 123-4.
17. Ibid, 96.
18. Ibid, 125.
19. Ibid, 127.
20. Ibid, 112.
21. Ibid, 91.
22. Durant, 451.
23. Basham, The Wonder That Was India, 70.
24. Aryabhata, Aryabhatiya, translated by Walter Eugene Clark, 1.3.
25. Durant, 528.
26. Andrew Leibs, Sports and Games of the Renaissance (Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood, 2004), 92.
27. Durant, 565.
28. Ibid, 567.
29. Ibid, 568.
30. Ibid, 451.
31. Ibid, 530.
32. Ibid, 532.
33. Ibid, 452-3.
34. Ibid, 599-600.
35. Ibid, 599.
36. Basham, 67, 115.
37. Ibid, 120.
38. Ibid, 117.
39. Ibid, 139.
40. Ibid, 149-51.
41. Ibid, 152.
42. Ibid, 143.
43. Ibid, 153.
44. Ibid, 154.
45. Durant, 453.
46. Ibid, 526.
47. Ibid, 535.
48. Ibid, 534.
49. Ibid, 533.
50. Ibid, 552.
51. Ibid, 557-8.
52. Ibid, 558.
53. Basham, 202-3.
54. Ibid, 102-3.
55. Durant, 556-7.
56. Ibid.
57. Basham, 162.
58. Ibid, 156.
59. Ibid, 162.
60. Ibid, 174.
61. Ibid, 70.

CHAPTER 24: JIHAD IN INDIA

1. William Durant and Ariel Durant, The Story of Civilization, Volume 1 (New York: MJF Books, 1993), 459.
2. Fernand Braudel, History of Civilizations (New York: Penguin, 1995), 235-6.
3. Irfan Husain, “Demons from the Past,” Daily Times (Pakistan), August 30, 2004.
4. Karl Marx, “Declaration of War—On the History of the Eastern Question,” New-York Herald Tribune, March 28, 1854.
5. S.A. Thiruvananthapuram, “Render unto Padmanabhaswamy,” Economist (UK), February 19, 2013.
6. Jamal Elias, Aisha’s Cushion: Religious Art, Perception, and Practice in Islam (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2012), 127-8.
7. Romila Thapar, Somanatha: The Many Voices of History (New York: Verso, 2005), 65.
8. Quoted in Diana L. Eck, India: A Sacred Geography (New York: Harmony, 2013), 222-4.
9. Andre Wink, Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Volume 1 (Boston, MA: Brill Academic, 2002), 192-3.
10. Ibid, 202.
11. Derryl Maclean, Religion and Society in Arab Sind (Boston, MA: Brill Academic, 1989), 37-9.
12. Wink, 112.
13. Quoted in Stephen Knapp, “Islamic Destruction of Hindu Temples”
14. Ibid.
15. Quoted in S.M. Ikram, Muslim Civilization in India (New York: Columbia University Press, 1964), 31.
16. Alain Danielou, translated by Kenneth Hurry, A Brief History of India (Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions, 2003), 197-8.
17. Ikram, 48, 111.
18. Fouzia Farooq Ahmed, “The Delhi Sultanate: A Slave Society or a Society with Slaves,” Pakistan Journal of History and Culture, Volume 30, Number 1, 2009, 2.
19. Ibid, 6-7.
20. Ibid, 8-14.
21. Abraham Eraly, The First Spring: The Golden Age of India (New York: Penguin, 2011), 588-9.
22. Ibid, 590.
23. Sultan Firuz Shah Tughlaq in Futuhat-i-Firuz Shahi.
24. Ikram, 109.
25. P.N. Chopra, B.N. Puri, M.N. Das, and A.C. Pradhan, A Comprehensive History of India (Lancaster, UK: Gazelle Distribution, 2006), 40; Stephen Knapp, Crimes Against India and the Need to Protect its Ancient Vedic Tradition (Bloomington, IN: iUniverse, 2009), 40.
26. Quoted in Knapp, “Islamic Destruction of Hindu Temples.”
27. Salma Ahmed Farooqui, A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From the Twelfth to the Mid- Eighteenth Century (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2011), 82.
28. Knapp, “Islamic Destruction of Hindu Temples.”
29. Wink, Volume 3, 163-4.
30. Danielou, A Brief History of India, 209, 218-9.
31. Quoted in Henry Miers Eliot, ed. History of India in Nine Volumes (out of print), Volume 5, 175.
32. Ibid, 189-90.
33. Ibid, 198, 203.
34. Ibid, 221-2.
35. Agha Hussain Hamadani, The Frontier Policy of the Delhi Sultans (Islamabad, Pakistan: National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research, 1986), 157-8.
36. Munis Faruqui, The Princes of the Mughal Empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 27.
37. Knapp, “Islamic Destruction of Hindu Temples.”
38. John F. Richards, The Mughal Empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 20-1.
39. Ikram, 156-64.
40. Ibid, 97.
41. Amita Sarin, Akbar and Birbal (New York: Penguin Global, 2005), 95.
42. Rajmohan Gandhi, Revenge and Reconciliation: Understanding South Asian History (New York: Penguin, 1999), 86-7.
43. William McWhirter, “The Majesty of Taj Mahal,” Life Magazine, November 3, 1967, 60-3.
44. Claude Markovits, ed. A History of Modern India: 1480-1950 (London, UK: Anthem, 2004), 101.
45. Ibid, 102; J.M. Mehta, Advanced Study in the History of Modern India: 1707-1813 (Berkshire, UK: New Dawn Press, 2005), 105-6.
46. Lisa Balabanlilar, Imperial Identity in Mughal Empire (New York: I.B. Tauris, 2012), 89-91.
47. Eraly, The First Spring, 100-5.
48. Abraham Eraly, Emperors of the Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Mughals (New York: Penguin, 2000), 306.
49. FrançoisBerniertranslatedbyIrvingBrock,TravelsintheMogulEmpire1656-1668(Westminster: Archibald Constable, and Co., 1891), 11.
50. Fergus Nicoll, Shah Jahan: The Rise and Fall of the Mughal Emperor (London: Haus Publishing, 2009), 207.
51. Ibid.
52. Bernier, Travels in the Mogul Empire, 98-100.
53. Ibid, 103-4.
54. Danielou, A Brief History of India, 250.
55. Durant, 475.
56. Wendy Doniger, The Hindus: An Alternative History (New York: Penguin
57. 2010), 538.
58. Stanley Wolpert, New History of India (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), 149.
59. Ibid.
60. Vinay Lal, “Enslavement of Hindus by Arab and Turkish Invaders,” Legacy of Jihad (Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 2010) edited by Andrew Bostom, 549-554.
61. Ibid.
62. Vinay Lal, “Slave-taking During Muslim Rule,” Legacy of Jihad, 535.
63. Ibid.
64. Vinay Lal, “Ghilmans and Eunuchs,” Muslim Slave System in Medieval India (New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan, 1994).
65. Ibid.
66. Vinay Lal, “Sex Slavery,” Muslim Slave System.
67. Ibid.
68. Ibid.
69. Ibid.
70. Y.G. Bhave, From the Death of Shivaji to the Death of Aurangzeb (Delhi: Northern Book Centre, 2000), 24-9; Charles Kincaid and Rao Parasnis, A History of the Maratha People, Volume 1 (Charleston, SC: Nabu Press, 2010), 235.
71. Vinay Lal, “British India,” Economic and Political Weekly, Voume 28, Numbers 29-30, July 17-24, 1993,1511-13.
72. Ibid.

CHAPTER 25: THE PARTITION OF INDIA

1. Quoted in Sujit Das, “Indian Muslims – Are They Trustworthy?,” Faithfreedom.org, January 3, 2014.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Quoted in Ramachandra Guha, Makers of Modern India (Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2013), 159- 60.
5. Prashant Bharadwaj, Asim Khwaja, and Atif Mian, “The Big March: Migratory Flows after the Partition of India,” Economic and Political Weekly, August 30, 2008.
6. S.S. Toshkhani, “Early Kashmiri Society and the Challenge of Islam,” Kashmir and It’s People: Studies in the Evolution of Kashmiri Society (New Delhi, India: Aph, 2004) edited by M. K. Kaw 87.
7. Mohan Lal Koul, “Sultan Sikandar – A Cruel Crusader,” Kashmir: Wail of a Valley (New Delhi, India: Gyan Sagar, 1999).
8. Ibid.
9. Abraham Eraly, The Mughal World: India’s Tainted Paradise (Quezon City, Philippines: Phoenix, 2008), 284.
10. Time, “India: Nizam’s Azam and Moazzam,” November 23, 1931.
11. Time, “World: Cutting Off the Princes’ Pay,” September 14, 1970.
12. Time, “India: The Nizam’s Daughter,” January 19, 1959; Kalyani Devaki Menon, Everyday Nationalism: Women of the Hindu Right in India (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012), 40.
13. Aravind Adiga, “My Kingdom for a Sheep,” Time, August 21, 2006.
14. Time, “India: The Happy War,” September 27 1948.
15. Time, “Hyderabad: Silver Jubilee Durbar,” February 22, 1937.
16. Ibid.
17. Adiga, “My Kingdom for a Sheep.”
18. Walid Phares, The Confrontation: Winning the War Against Future Jihad (New York: Palgrave, 2009), 217.
19. Bruce Riedel, “Terrorism in India and the Global Jihad,” Brookings Institution, November 30, 2008.
20. Phares, The Confrontation: Winning the War Against Future Jihad, 218.
21. Yoginder Sikand, Muslims in India Since 1947: Islamic Perspectives on Inter-Faith Relations (London: Routledge, 2004), 155; Christine Fair, “Students Islamic Movement of India and the Indian Mujahideen,” Asia Policy, Volume 9, January 2010, 2.
22. Fair, 7-8, 15-16.
23. Ibid.
24. Bhattacharya, “Indian Mujahideen: Evolving Challenge,” South Asia Intelligence Review, Volume 12, Number 17, October 28, 2013.

CHAPTER 26: INDIA: ISLAM, INDEPENDENCE, AND THE MISGUIDED MAHATMA

1. George Santayana, Reason in Common Sense (New York: Dover, 1905), 284.
2. Jia Lal Kilam, “Spread of Islam,” History of Kashmiri Pandits (New Delhi, India: Utpal, 2004).
3. Mohibbul Hasan, Kashmir under the Sultans (New Delhi, India: Aakar Books, 1959), 65, 67.
4. Jagdishchandra Jain, Gandhi, the Forgotten Mahatma (Columbia, MO: South Asia Books, 1987), 38.
5. Ibid.
6. Quoted in Stanley Wolpert, Gandhi’s Passion: The Life and Legacy of Mahatma Gandhi (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), 216.
7. Hitchens, “The Real Mahatma Gandhi,” Atlantic, July/August 2011.
8. Gail Minault, The Khilafat Movement: Religious Symbolism and Political Mobilization in India (New York: Columbia University Press, 1982), 80.
9. Wolpert, Gandhi’s Passion, 112.
10. Walid Phares, The Confrontation: Winning the War Against Future Jihad (New York: Palgrave, 2009), 217.
11. Ibid, 218.
12. Bhattacharya, “Indian Mujahideen: Evolving Challenge,” South Asia Intelligence Review, Volume 12, Number 17, October 28, 2013.
13. Quoted in Hitchens, “The Real Mahatma Gandhi.”
14. Gyanesh Kudaisya, “Beyond the ‘Himalayan Pearl Harbor,’” History Today, Volume 62, Issue 11, November 2012.
15. AIML, “Lahore Resolution,” archived at http://historypak.com/lahore-resolution-1940/.
16. CPI, “CPI Resolution, September 19, 1942,” archived at http://dilipsimeon.blogspot. com/2013/09/history-archive-communist-party-of_6.html.
17. C.I. Isaac, “Madhani Factor: Curse of Kerala Politics,” Vijayvaani.com, April 2, 2009.
18. Ibid.
19. M.N. Roy, “Historical Role of Islam: An Essay on Islamic Culture,” Vora and Company Publishers, 1938.
20. Prakash Karat, “A Broad Platform against Communalism,” Online Petition, October 30, 2013.
21. CPI-M, “Against RSS-BJP Communal Agenda,” http://cpim.org/content/against-rss-bjp- communal-agenda.
22. V.S. Naipaul, Beyond Belief, Islamic Excursions Among the Converted Peoples (New York: Vintage, 1999), xi.
23. Huffington Post, “On World Toilet Day, World Bank Warns Over 600 Million Indians Defecate In The Open.” November 19, 2013.
24. Jeremy Hance, “India, not China, has the world’s worst urban air pollution,” Mongabay.com, May 12, 2014.
25. Prasenjit Chowdhury, “India is still world’s hunger capital,” Deccan Herald, August 27, 2009.
26. Mridu Bhandari, “Hunger kills 6,000 Indian kids daily,” CNN and IBN, March 29, 2008.
27. India Together, “A children’s manifesto,” http://indiatogether.org/manifesto-children, April 1, 2004.
28. Ram Mashru, “India’s Worsening Water Crisis,” The Diplomat (Japan), April 19, 2014.
29. Phys.Org, “Much of rural India still waits for electricity,” November 4, 2013.
30. Rediff.com, “India among world’s most corrupt nations,” December 4, 2013.
31. Sruthi Gottipati, “Corruption curse follows Congress party to the polls,” Reuters, October 7, 2013.
32. BBC, “India’s corruption scandals,” April 18, 2012.
33. Quoted in M.A. Khan, Islamic Jihad, A legacy of forced conversion, imperialism, and slavery (Bloomington, IN: iUniverse.com, 2009), 212.
34. Ibid.
35. Khan, 199-200.
36. Quoted in Khan, 200.
    

CHAPTER 27: AMERICA: THE CIVILIZATIONAL JIHAD

1. Quoted in Osama Bin Laden, “Full text: bin Laden’s ‘letter to America’,” Guardian (UK), November 24, 2002.
2. Bush, “President’s Message for Eid Al-Fitr,” remarks made at the Islamic Center of Washington, D.C., December 5, 2002.
3. Obama, “A New Beginning,” remarks made at Cairo University (Egypt), June 4, 2009.
4. Quoted in Laurie Sterling, “What Will It Be America?,” Lady Patriots blog, September 3, 2003. http://lady-patriots.com/what-will-it-be-america-the-constitution-or-sharia-law/.
5. Quoted in Adrian Morgan, “Muslim Brotherhood’s Long-Standing War On The West; Part 1,” discoverthenetworks.org, June 5, 2007.
6. Discover The Networks, “The Muslim Brotherhood’s ‘General Strategic Goal’ for North America;” Mohammed Akram, “An Explanatory Memorandum,” (translator unknown) Investigative Project on Terrorism, May 22, 1991, 21.
7. Andrew McCarthy, The Grand Jihad: How Islam and the Left Sabotage America (New York: Encounter, 2010), 61, 66, 69.
8. Ibid, 72.
9. Quoted in David Patterson, A Genealogy of Evil: Anti-Semitism from Nazism to Islamic Jihad (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 73.
10. Quoted in David Gaubatz and Paul Sperry, Muslim Mafia: Inside the Secret Underworld that’s Conspiring to Islamize America (Los Angeles, CA: WND, 2009), 229.
11. Muslim Brotherhood, “An Explanatory Memorandum,” 22-5.
12. Noreen S. Ahmed-Ullah, Sam Roe and Laurie Cohen, “A rare look at secretive Brotherhood in America,” Chicago Tribune, September 19, 2004.
13. Noreen S. Ahmed-Ullah, Kim Barker, Laurie Cohen, Stephen Franklin and Sam Roe, “Hard- liners won battle for Bridgeview mosque,” Chicago Tribune, February 8, 2004.
14. Azzam Tamimi, Hamas: A History from Within (Northampton, MA: Olive Branch, 2011), 10-11.
15. Steven Emerson, American Jihad : The Terrorists Living Among Us (Florence, MA: Free Press, 2003), 80.
16. Matthew Levitt, Hamas: Politics, Charity, and Terrorism in the Service of Jihad (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007), 149.
17. Ibid, 40.
18. Ibid, 40 and 150; McCarthy, The Grand Jihad, 140; Emerson, American Jihad, 86-7.
19. See U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas, “USA v. Holy Land Foundation for Relief and Development.” Sept. 29, 2008 (http://www.txnd.uscourts.gov/judges/hlf2.html)
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. See Gaubatz and Sperry, Muslim Mafia, 42-46.
24. The Investigative Project on Terrorism, “Government’s Memorandum in Opposition,” February 5, 2008.
25. Gaubatz and Sperry, Muslim Mafia, 32.
26. Ibid, 27-30.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid, 41.
29. Quoted in Sterling, “What Will It Be America?”
30. Gaubatz and Sperry, Muslim Mafia, 208-9.
31. Amer Taleb, “Anti-Islamic hate-crime rate differs greatly among states,” Scripps Howard Foundation Wire, April 12, 2003.
32. Daniel Pipes and Sharon Chadha, “CAIR’s Hate Crimes Nonsense,” FrontPageMagazine.com, May 18, 2005
33. Gaubatz and Sperry, Muslim Mafia, 141-2.
34. Jeff Jacoby, “The blacklisting of an investigative journalist,” Boston Globe, August 31, 1998.
35. John Leo, “Pushing the Bias Button,” Townhall.com, June 2, 2003.
36. See U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas, “USA v. Holy Land Foundation for Relief and Development.” Sept. 29, 2008 (http://www.txnd.uscourts.gov/judges/hlf2.html)
37. Gaubatz and Sperry, Muslim Mafia, 74-80.
38. Ibid, 101.
39. Ibid, 98, 114-6.
40. Patrick S. Poole, “Blind to Terror,” Rubin Center: Research in International Affairs, June 4, 2013.
41. Lee Ferran, “Nidal Hasan Admitted Jihadist Motive,” ABC News, June 5, 2013.
42. Ryan Mauro, “Brotherhood Influence Op Inside U.S. Academia: Success,” Clarion Project, May 5, 2014.
43. See Muslim Brotherhood, “Explanatory Memorandum,” 15.
44. Ryan Mauro, “Muslim Brotherhood Inside American Colleges,” Clarion Project, May 16, 2013.
45. Ryan Mauro, “Islamic Infiltration,” Clarion Project, June 25, 2013.
46. Lee Kaplan, “The Saudi Fifth Column On Our Nation’s Campuses,” Frontpage.com, April 5, 2004.
47. Ibid.
48. Ibid. Also, see Robert Spencer, Onward Muslim Soldiers: How Jihad Still Threatens America and the West (Washington, DC: Regnery, 2003), 13.
49. Ibid.
50. Eric Rupp and Christian Erickson, “Prisons, Radical Islam’s New Recruiting Grounds?,” paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association March 22, 2006.
51. Alex Wilner, “We must make sure that prison isn’t terrorism school.” Globe and Mail (Canada), October 19, 2009.
52. Dennis Ballas, “Prisoner Radicalization,” FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, October 2010.
53. Lee, “Does the United States really have 5 percent of the world’s population.”
54. Michael Waller, “Testimony of Dr. Michael Waller,” Accessed at Free Republic, October 14, 2003.
55. Donald Van Duyn, “Testimony Before the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs,” January 8, 2009.
56. Brian Michael Jenkins, “The New Age of Terrorism,” RAND Corporation, 2006.
57. Ibid.
58. Rupp and Erickson, “Prisons, Radical Islam’s New Recruiting Grounds?”
59. David Schanzer, Charles Kurzman, and Ebrahim Moosa, “Anti-Terror Lessons of Muslim- Americans,” National Institute of Justice, January 6, 2010.
60. Robert Mueller, “Remarks Prepared for Delivery by Director Robert S. Mueller III,” James Fox Memorial Lecture, April 26, 2006.
61. Senator Chuck Schumer (D-NY), “Hearing before the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Technology and Homeland Security,” June 26, 2003.
62. Anonymous, Terrorist Hunter: The Extraordinary Story of a Woman Who Went Undercover to Infiltrate the Radical Islamic Groups Operating in America (New York: Ecco, 2003), 109-110.
63. McCarthy, The Grand Jihad, 274.
64. Ibid, 359.
65. Scott Shane and Souad Mekhennet, “Imam’s Path From Condemning Terror to Preaching Jihad,” New York Times, May 8, 2010.
66. Emerson, American Jihad, 129-131.
67. Joseph Fried, “The Terror Conspiracy,” New York Times, October 2, 1995.
68. Sara Carter, “’For the Record’ Exposes Radicalized Foundation of the Mosque Attended by the Accused Boston Bombers,” The Blaze, September 25, 2013; Poole, “Blind to Terror;” Emerson, American Jihad, 206.
69. Gilbert Sewall, “Islam in the Classroom: What the Textbooks Tell Us,” American Textbook Council, 2008.
70. Ibid.
71. Daniel Pipes, “Islam in American Textbooks,” Fox News, March 8, 2009.
72. Kari Huus, “Texas school board debates ‘pro-Islamic’ bias in textbooks,” NBC News, September 23, 2010.
73. Daniel Greenfield, “The Islamic Political Takeover of America,” Frontpage.com, August 19, 2011.
74. Quoted in Bob Taylor, “Further evidence of Islamic influence in the U.S.,” Washington Times, January 10, 2013.
75. Tiffany Gabbay, “Want to Know Just How Close the Muslim Brotherhood is to the Obama Admin?,” The Blaze, April 26, 2012.
76. Ryan Mauro, “A Window on the Muslim Brotherhood in America,” Center for Security Policy, September 2013; Clarion Project, “Quotable Quotes,” http://www.clarionproject.org/quotes; Ryan Mauro, “Homeland Security’s Mohammed Elibiary: Caliphate Inevitable,” Clarion Project, June 25, 2014.
77. Andrew McCarthy, “Huma Abedin’s Muslim Brotherhood Ties,” National Review, July 25, 2012.
78. Andrew McCarthy, “The Huma Unmentionables,” National Review, July 24, 2013.
79. Christine Pelisek, “Inside the Child Prostitution Sting,” Daily Beast, November 9, 2010.
80. Michael Martinez, “Federal crackdown on child prostitution results in 884 arrests,” CNN, November 9, 2010; Mara H. Gottfried, “29 charged in bust of sex slave ring tied to 3 Minneapolis gangs,” Pioneer Press, November 9, 2010.
81. Jerry Gordon, “Somalis, Shelbyville and Severe Culture Shock,” New English Review, February 2008; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Chapter 1, Somali History and Immigration to the United States,” Promoting Cultural Sensitivity: Somali Guide, September 1, 2012.
82. Ibid.
83. Steve Karnowski, “Somalis still leaving Minn. to join terror group,” Associated Press, September 26, 2013.
84. Quoted in Gordon, “Somalis, Shelbyville and Severe Culture Shock.”
85. Allen Breed and Ramit Plushniuk-Masti, “Terror act or workplace violence?,” Arizona Daily Star, August 11, 2013.
86. Ibid.
87. Michael Cooper, Michael S. Schmidt, and Eric Schmitt, “Boston Suspects Are Seen as Self- Taught and Fueled by Web,” New York Times, April 23, 2013.
88. Center for Security Policy, “Shariah Law vs. the Constitution,” blog posted at Counter Jihad Report, April 11, 2013. http://counterjihadreport.com/2013/04/11/a-guide-to-shariah-law-vs- the-constitution/.
89. Qur’an 5:38.
90. Qur’an 24:2.

CHAPTER 28: THE U.S. AND THE UNGRATEFUL ARAB

1. Quoted in Jennifer Delaney, “The Unlikely Partnership: The State of the U.S.-Saudi Relationship,” Masters Thesis, Hawaii Pacific University, Summer 2009, 1.
2. Quoted in Mukund Padmanabhan, “’There is no right not to be offended.’” Hindu (India), October 8, 2012.
3. Quoted in S. Noble, “Egypt’s Morsi Despises Zionist ‘Blood-Suckers’, ‘Descendants of Apes and Pigs’.” Independent Sentinel, January 4, 2013.
4. Delaney, 2.
5. Ibid, 3.
6. Christopher Blanchard, “Saudi Arabia: Background and U.S. Relations,” Congressional Research Service, April 29, 2015, 5-8; Office of the United States Trade Representative, “Saudi Arabia,” May 6, 2014.
7. See Part 2, Chapter 6, “The Gulf Cooperation Council.”
8. See Part 2, Chapter 1, “Saudi Arabia: De Facto Superpower.”
9. Delaney, 5.
10. Ibid, 38.
11. Ibid, 32-33.
12. Ibid, 38.
13. Ora Coren and Nadan Feldman, “U.S. aid to Israel totals $233.7b over six decades,” Haaretz (Israel), March 20, 2013.
14. Census.gov, “Foreign Trade.” https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/c5081.html#2013
15. Ibid.
16. Aarti Nagraj, “GCC Oil And Gas Reserves Worth $65trn,” Gulf Business, March 12, 2012.
17. Jeremy Sharp, “Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations,” Congressional Research Service, March 3, 2015.
18. The White House, “Fact Sheet: United States-Saudi Arabia Bilateral Relationship,” March 28, 2014.
19. Database, “TIV Data,” SIPRI, http://www.sipri.org/databases/armstransfers.
20. Barney Gimbel, “The richest city in the world,” Fortune, March 12, 2007.
21. Ibid.
22. Economist (UK), “The GCC in 2020: Resources for the future,” 2010. [Note: Special Supplement.]
23. Kevin Whitelaw, “Dubai Rides the Oil Boom,” US News, June 5, 2008.
24. Ibid.
25. John Glaser, “Valued ‘Ally’ Saudi Arabia Supports Terrorism, Urges US War in Syria,” blogged at antiwar.com, February 18, 2014.
26. Declan Walsh, “WikiLeaks cables portray Saudi Arabia as a cash machine for terrorists,” Guardian (UK), December 5, 2010.
27. Ibid.
28. Paul Sperry, “Inside the Saudi 9/11 coverup,” New York Post, December 15, 2013; Eric Lichtblau, “Saudi Arabia May Be Tied to 9/11, 2 Ex-Senators Say,” New York Times, February 29, 2012.

CHAPTER 29: HOW THE WEST BACKS ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM

1. Frank Gaffney Jr., “Don’t Hollow Out the Military,” National Review, August 4, 2011.
2. Iqbal Z. Quadir, “Foreign Aid and Bad Government,” Wall Street Journal, January 30, 2009.
3. Michael Dobbs, One Minute to Midnight: Kennedy, Khrushchev, and Castro on the Brink of Nuclear War (New York: Vintage, 2009), 303, 317.
4. Rachel Bronson, Thicker Than Oil (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), 27.
5. Ibid, 94.
6. Quoted in Dennis Kux, India and the United States: Estranged Democracies (Washington, DC: National Defense University Press, 1992), 128, 154-5.
7. Quoted in Michel Chossudovsky, “Hillary Clinton: ‘We Created Al Qaeda’,” Global Research Centre for Research on Globalization, June 1, 2013.
8. Steve Coll, Ghost Wars (New York: Penguin, 2004), 51.
9. Ibid, 58-60.
10. Bronson, Thicker Than Oil, 10.
11. Coll, Ghost Wars, 61, 67.
12. Ibid, 97-8, 104.
13. Dwight Eisenhower, “Address at the Freedoms Foundation, Waldorf-Astoria, New York City,” December 22, 1952, archived at Presidential Library, http://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/all_ about_ike/quotes.html.
14. Jeff Lee, “The Failure of Political Islam in Indonesia,” Stanford Journal of East Asian Affairs, Volume 4, Issue 1, Winter 2004, 92.
15. Fred Halliday, Political Journeys: The Open Democracy Essays (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2012), 82.
16. Quoted in David Ottaway, The King’s Messenger: Prince Bandar bin Sultan and America’s Tangled Relationship With Saudi Arabia (New York: Walker & Company, 2008), 16.
17. Coll, Ghost Wars, 201-2, 207-16.
18. Quoted in Abdy Javadzadeh, Iranian Irony: Marxists Becoming Muslims (Pittsburgh, PA: RoseDog Press, 2010), 70.
19. Ervand Abrahamian, Tortured Confessions: Prison and Public Recantations in Modern Iran (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), 209-10.
20. Ibid, 178.
21. Maryam Namazie, “Siding With the Oppressor,” One Law for All Campaign, London, 2013, 7-8.
22. Douglas Murray, “A Gross Double Standard Over Hate Speech,” Spectator (UK), June 27, 2013.
23. Namazie, 60.
24. Meredith Tax, “Double Bind: Tied Up in Knots on the Left,” Open Democracy (webzine), February 5, 2013.
25. Gita Sahgal, “A Statement by Gita Sahgal on Leaving Amnesty International,” New York Review of Books, May 13, 2010.
26. Quoted in Namazie, Siding With the Oppressor, 59.
27. Quoted in Afghanistan Liberation Organization, “The Communist Part of India (Maoist) and Islamic Fundamentalists,” 2. (http://www.scribd.com/doc/258744294/cpi-and-fundamentalism- alo-pdf#scribd)
28. Ibid, 3.
29. Ibid.
30. R. Upadhyay, “Muslims and Indian Communists – Strange Allies?,” South Asia Analysis Group, Paper Number 1107, January 9, 2004.
31. Jews Against Islamophobia Coalition, “About Us,” http://www.jewsagainstislamophobia. org/?page_id=6.
32. JAIC,“LettertotheDepartmentofJusticerequestinginvestigations,”October28,2013.
33. JAIC, “Jewish Coalition Reaffirms Commitment to Challenging Islamophobia,” April 15, 2013.
34. Human Rights Watch, “Saudi Arabia,” https://www.hrw.org/middle-eastn-africa/saudi-arabia.
35. Ibid.
36. Human Rights Watch, “Pakistan,” https://www.hrw.org/asia/pakistan.
37. Ibid.
38. Ibid.
39. Human Rights Watch, “South Asia: Protect Migrant Workers to Gulf Countries,” December 18, 2013.
40. Christopher Hitchens, “Of Sin, the Left, and Islamic Fascism,” Nation, October 8, 2001.
41. John Bradley, After the Arab Spring: How Islamists Hijacked the Middle East Revolts (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012), 1.
42. Ibid, 12-3.
43. Ibid, 1.
44. Ibid, 5-6.
45. Giuliana Sgrena, “Islamic Force Rises in Tunisia,” Inter Press Service, July 31, 2011.
46. Daily Telegraph (UK), “Tunisia extremists firebomb home of ‘blasphemous’ TV station head,” October 15, 2011.
47. Barnabas Fund, “Christians Flee as Islamist Influence Grows in Tunisia,” June 6, 2011.
48. Bradley, After the Arab Spring: How Islamists Hijacked the Middle East Revolts, 26-8.
49. Pew Research, “Arab Spring Adds to Global Restrictions on Religion,” June 20, 2013.
50. Laura King, “Attack on wedding is latest horror for Egypt’s Coptic Christians,” Los Angeles Times, October 21, 2013.
51. Lawrence Davidson, Islamic Fundamentalism: An Introduction (Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood, 2003), 57; Joseph Manning, Threats to the Saudi Arabian Monarchy (Carlisle Barracks, PA: U.S. Army War College, 1998), 16.
52. Manning, 17.
53. Bradley, 84.
54. Kirsten Powers, “A Global Slaughter of Christians, but America’s Churches Stay Silent,” Daily Beast, September 27, 2013.
55. Christian Post, “Abduction of Nuns in Syria Aims to Force Christians to Emigrate,” December 10, 2013.
56. Robert Fisk, “Syria crisis: In sacred Maaloula where they speak the language of Christ,” Independent (UK), September 25, 2013.
57. Ruth Sherlock, “Syrian Shias flee to Lebanon to escape Sunni militias,” Daily Telegraph (UK), May 3, 2013.
58. Omar Fahmy, “Sunni clerics call for jihad against Syria’s Assad allies,” Reuters, June 13, 2013.
59. Ibid.
60. BennyMorris,“ArabSpringorIslamistSurge?,”NationalInterest,November3,2011.
61. Tim Arango and Anne Barnard, “With Victories, ISIS Dispels Hope of a Swift Decline,” New York Times, May 23, 2015.
62. Ahmad Al-Rubaye, “ISIS releases horrifying sex-slave pamphlet, justifies child rape,” RT.com, December 11, 2014.
63. Ibid.
64. Youssef Boudlal, “ISIS sex atrocities,” RT, May 9, 2015.

CHAPTER 30: EUROPE: THE DEMOGRAPHIC CONQUEST

1. Quoted in Steven Evans, “Merkel says German multicultural society has failed,” BBC News, October 17, 2010.
2. David Cameron, Speech at Munich Security Conference, Feb. 5, 2011.
3. Quoted in Citizen Warrior, “Geert Wilders’ March 25th Speech in Rome,” April 2011.
4. Quoted in Ian Fisher, “Oriana Fallaci, Incisive Italian Journalist, Is Dead at 77,” New York Times, September 16, 2006.
5. Quoted in Daily Mail (UK), “’Have more babies and Muslims can take over the UK’ hate fanatic says,” September 13, 2008.
6. Anders Behring Breivik, 2083: A European Declaration of Independence, posted online by Washington Post, July 24, 2011, 4.
7. Quoted in blog post on Global Jihad, “Gadhafi: Islam Taking Over Europe,” World Net Daily, May 3, 2006.
8. Pew Research, “Region: Europe,” January 27, 2011.
9. Eurostat, “Total fertility rate in European countries, 2000-2011,” European Union website. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Fertility_statistics_in_relation_to_ economy,_parity,_education_and_migration.
10. Mark Steyn, America Alone (Washington, DC: Regnery, 2008), 16.
11. Jeffrey Alexander, “Theorizing the ‘Modes of Incorporation’: Assimilation, Hyphenation, and Multiculturalism as Varieties of Civil Participation,” Sociological Theory, Volume 19, Issue 3, December 17, 2002, 237.
12. Dwight Murphey, “Multiculturalism’s Context and Ideological Implications,” Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies, Summer 2005, 203-239.
13. Quoted in Ray Furlong, “Germans argue over integration,” BBC News, November 30, 2004.
14. Ibid.
15. Charalambos Kasimis, “Greece: Illegal Immigration in the Midst of Crisis,” Migration Policy Institute, March 8, 2012.
16. Ibid.
17. Elena Becatoros, “Greece: Europe’s gateway for illegal immigration,” Associated Press, November 4, 2010.
18. Yardley, “Hundreds of Migrants Are Feared Dead as Ship Capsizes.”
19. International Centre for Prison Studies, “Greece.” (Retrieved June 2, 2015)
20. Pew Research, “Region: Europe.”
21. Economist (UK), “A new balance”; McPartland, “France expels ‘record number’ of immigrants.”
22. Sanya Khetani, “93 Percent of French Muslims Voted For Hollande,” Business Insider, May 8, 2012.
23. Soeren Kern, “Muslims Converting Empty European Churches into Mosques,” Gatestone Institute, January 16, 2012.
24. Le Figaro (France), “Manif hostile a la police a Trappes,” July 20, 2013.
25. Euronews, “Young French Muslim convert admits attacking soldier,” May 29, 2013.
26. Andrew Hussey, The French Intifada: The Long War Between France and Its Arabs (London: Faber and Faber, 2014), 57-61.
27. Edward Cody, “Mohammad Merah, face of the new terrorism,” Washington Post, March 22, 2012
28. Liam Keegan, “French Terrorist Suspect Merah: Who Was He?,” Newsy World, March 23, 2012. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCLndO69pGw.
29. Office for National Statistics (UK), “Census data,” March 27, 2011.
30. Leon Moosavi, “Why Has the Number of Muslims in the UK Risen So Much?,” Huffington Post, December 12, 2012.
31. Pamela Gellar, “UK Trial of Muslim Group That Plotted to Start a ‘War on the Streets of Britain’,” blogged at pamelagellar.com, June 6, 2013.
32. Quoted in Telegraph (UK), “Woolwich attack: the terrorist’s rant,” May 23, 2013.
33. Ask.com, “Londonistan (term),” http://www.ask.com/ web?q=Londonistan&qsrc=0&o=0&l=dir&qo=homepageSearchBox, accessed on May 25, 2015.
34. Soeren Kern, “Britain: Muslim Prison Population Up 200%,” Gatestone Institute, August 2, 2013; Nick Dorman and Sean Rayment, “Top-security UK prison where terror fanatics serve life sentences is ‘al-Qaeda recruiting centre,’” Mirror (UK), March 29 2014.
35. News Writers, “House of Commons inquiry hears from MP Kris Hopkins,” Telegraph and Argus (UK), January 30, 2013.
36. Suzannah Hills, “UK’s biggest child sex gang uncovered,” Daily Mail (UK), August 18, 2013.
37. Katerina Nikolas, “Police in UK investigating 54 paedophile grooming gangs,” Digital Journal (Canada), May 22, 2013
38. Pew Research, “Region: Europe.”
39. Ronald Rovers, “The silencing of Theo van Gogh,” Salon, November 24, 2004.
40. Pew Research, “The Future of the Global Muslim Population, Region; Europe,” January 27, 2011; Soeren Kern, “The Islamization of Belgium and the Netherlands in 2013,” Gatestone Institute, January 13, 2014.
41. Geert Wilders, Marked for Death: Islam’s War Against the West and Me (Washington, DC: Regnery, 2012), 141.
42. Bruce Bawer, While Europe Slept: How Radical Islam is Destroying the West from Within (New York: Anchor, 2007), 3.
43. Kathy Shaidle, “Islamists on Welfare: Paid to Plot the West’s Demise,” Pajamas Media, April 4, 2011.
44. Staff, “Suspected Muslim polygamist charged with welfare fraud,” France24.com, June 9, 2010.
45. Economist (UK), “Many wives’ tales,” May 6, 2010.
46. EU Times, “French government cuts immigrants welfare by 83%,” December 28, 2012.
47. Baroness Flather, “Polygamy, welfare benefits and an insidious silence,” Daily Mail (UK), September 16, 2011.
48. Sue Reid, “The truth about polygamy,” Daily Mail (UK), September 24, 2011.
49. Melanie Hall, “Muslim preacher urges followers to claim ‘Jihad Seeker’s Allowance’,” Telegraph (UK), February 17, 2013.
50. BBC News, “Birth defects warning sparks row,” February 10, 2008.
51. Tim Stewart and David Pilditch, “NHS pays for Muslim virginity operations,” Express (UK), July 30, 2010.
52. Home Affairs Committee, “Child sexual exploitation and the response,” House of Commons, Oct 18, 2014, 69.
53. Helen Carter, “Rochdale gang jailed for sexually exploiting vulnerable girls,” Guardian (UK), May 9, 2012.
54. Taj Hargey, “The Oxford sex ring and the preachers who teach young Muslim men that white girls are cheap,” Daily Mail (UK), May 15, 2013.
55. Ibid.
56. Nic Robertson, Paul Cruickshank, and Tim Lister, “Documents give new details on al Qaeda’s London bombings,” CNN, April 30, 2012.
57. Elizabeth Nash, “Madrid bombers ‘were inspired by Bin Laden address’,” Independent (UK), November 7, 2006.
58. BBC News, “The Hamburg connection,” August 19, 2005.
59. Quoted in Ian Traynor, “’I don’t hate Muslims. I hate Islam’, says Holland’s rising political star,” Guardian (UK), February 16, 2008.
60. Quoted in Brendan Bernhard, “The Fallaci Code,” LA Weekly, March 15, 2006.
61. Ibid.
62. Quoted in Frances D’Emilio, “Atheist gifts pontifical school in will,” Free Republic, October 21, 2006.
63. Bryan Fischer, “Time to stop Muslim immigration to U.S. before it’s too late,” blogged at RenewAmerica.com, January 31, 2011.
64. Jamie Glazov, “The Persecution of Elisabeth Sabaditsch-Wolff,” interview accessible at Frontpage. com, December 26, 2011.
65. Radio Netherlands Worldwide, “Handling of Amsterdam sharia group criticized,” May 27, 2012.
66. Helen Gibson, “What Makes Youths Volunteer?,” Time, November 12, 2001.
67. Quoted in MEMRI, “British Islamist Anjem Choudary: As Muslims We Reject Human Rights,” April 11 2013. http://www.memritv.org/clip/en/3842.htm.
68. Gabriel DeMarco, “Minority rules: Scientists discover tipping point for the spread of ideas,” Press Release from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, July 25 2011.
69. Peter Cluskey, “Dutch anxiety over ‘Sharia triangle’ police no-go area in The Hague,” Irish Times (Ireland), May 24, 2013.

CHAPTER 31: A WARNING TO EUROPE

1. Quoted in EU Times, “Norway Pays Bitter Price for Mass Immigration,” January 18, 2010.
2. Quoted in Soeren Kern, “France Seeks to Reclaim ‘No-Go’ Zones,” Gatestone Institute August 24, 2012.
3. Quoted in Anthony Browne, “I feel no sympathy for you, killer tells van Gogh family,” Daily Telegraph (UK), July 13, 2005. [Note: The self-confessed killer of Theo van Gogh delivered this line in court to van Gogh’s widow.]
4. Qutoed in Daniel Greenfield, “Muslim Imam Claims Women Who Don’t Wear Hijabs,” Frontpagemag.com, March 7, 2013.
5. Ian Buruma, Murder in Amsterdam: Liberal Europe, Islam, and the Limits of Tolerance (New York: Penguin, 2007), ##.
6. Geert Wilders, Marked for Death: Islam’s War Against the West and Me (Washington, DC: Regnery, 2012), 141.
7. Quoted in RT, “Night 7 in Sweden: Cars ablaze, police attacked as nation debates immigrant policy,” March 26, 2013.
8. Ibid.
9. Bruce Bawer, While Europe Slept: How Radical Islam is Destroying the West from Within (New York: Anchor, 2007), 3.
10. EUTimes
11. Katerina Nikolas, “Police in the UK investigating 54 paedophile grooming gangs,” Digital Journal, May 22, 2013.
12. Ibid.
13. Wilders, 139-141.
14. Melanie Phillips, Londonistan: How Britain Is Creating a Terror State Within (New York: Encounter Books, 2006), 11.
15. Ibid, 12.
16. Christopher Hitchens, “Assassins of the Mind,” Vanity Fair, February 2009.
17. Ronald Rovers, “The Silencing of Theo van Gogh,” Salon.com, November 24, 2004.
18. Bruce Bawer, “Not all Muslims want to Integrate,” Christian Science Monitor, November 17, 2005.
19. Andrew Gilligan, “State schools isolate non-Muslims,” Daily Telegraph (UK), April 18, 2014.
20. Andrew Gilligan, “Guide to school Islamization,” Daily Telegraph (UK), April 26, 2014.
21. Times of Israel (Israel), “French Jews Migrate To Israel Citing Rising Anti-Semitism,” February 8, 2014.
22. Christopher Caldwell, Reflections on the Revolution in Europe: Immigration, Islam and the West (New York: Anchor, 2010), 106.
23. Ibid, 249.
24. Quoted in Mathieu von Rohr, “Interview with Marine Le Pen,” Spiegel (Germany), June 3, 2014.
25. Pew Research, “Rise of Greek nationalist ‘Golden Dawn’ party coincides with Greece’s economic crisis,” October 2, 2013.
26. Charalambos Kasimis, “Greece: Illegal Immigration in the Midst of Crisis,” Migration Policy Institute, March 8, 2012.

CHAPTER 32: ISRAEL AND PALESTINE: COUSINS IN CONTINUOUS CONFLICT

1. Quoted in Eli Hertz, “Children Dying To Kill,” http://www.mythsandfacts.org/Conflict/9/ childrendyingtokill1.htm, accessed May 25, 2015.
2. Isaac Asimov, Asimov Laughs Again : More Than 700 Jokes, Limericks, and Anecdotes (New York: William Morrow, 1993), #92.
3. Quoted in Ali Waked, “Hamas gunmen parade in Gaza,” ynetnews.com, September 19, 2005.
4. Quoted in Frank Crimi, “Voices of Palestine: Mahmoud al-Zahar,” Frontpage.com, October 26, 2011.
5. Martin Bentham, “Census data shows 100 different languages spoken in almost every London borough,” Standard (UK), January 30, 2013.
6. Sam Roberts, “Listening to (and Saving) the World’s Languages,” New York Times, April 29, 2010.
7. London School of Economics and Political Science, “The Impact of Recent Immigration on the London Economy,” July 2007, 14.
8. Press Release, “The Newest New Yorkers,” New York City Department of City Planning, 10; BBC News, “Census shows rise in foreign-born,” December 11, 2012.
9. Gabriel Project Mumbai, “The Need: Poverty in India,” http://gabrielprojectmumbai.org/ Poverty_in_India.html; Rafiq Maqbool, “Census: 1 in 6 India City Resident Lives in Slums,” Associated Press, March 22, 2013.
10. Singapore Department of Statistics, “Population Trends 2009,” May 29, 2009, 4.
11. Walter Laqueur, A History of Zionism: From the French Revolution to the Establishment of the State of Israel (New York: Fine Communications, 1997), 86.
12. Ibid, 42.
13. Efraim Karsh, Palestine Betrayed (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2011), 8-9.
14. Quoted in Saul Friedman, A History of the Middle East (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2006), 226.
15. Karsh, Palestine Betrayed, 12-13.
16. League of Nations, “An Interim Report on the Civil Administration of Palestine,” July 1, 1920- June 30, 1921. [Note: Archived with the United Nations, http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL. NSF/0/349B02280A930813052565E90048ED1C.]
17. Christopher Browning and Jurgen Matthaus, The Origins of the Final Solution (Lincoln, NE: Bison Books, 2007), 406; David Yisraeli, The Palestine Problem in German Politics (Ramat Gan, Israel: Bar-Ilan University, 1974), 1889-1945, 310.
18. Karsh, Palestine Betrayed, 16-20, 109.
19. Ibid, 31.
20. Ibid, 31-2.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid, 82-3.
23. Tomas Rees, “The shared genetic heritage of Jews and Palestinians,” blogged at Patheos blog, January 20, 2009. http://www.patheos.com/blogs/epiphenom/2009/01/shared-genetic-heritage- of-jews-and.html.
24. Daniel Pipes, “The Jewish-Muslim Connection,” Present Tense, 1981.
25. David Rosen, “Jewish-Muslim Relations, Past and Present,” http://www.ajc.org/site/ c.7oJILSPwFfJSG/b.8451917/k.7F8D/MuslimJewish_Relations.htm.
26. Alice Faber, “Genetic Subgrouping of the Semitic Languages,” Semitic Languages, Routledge, 2013, 4.
27. Pipes, “The Jewish-Muslim Connection.”
28. Rosen, “Jewish-Muslim Relations, Past and Present.”
29. Quoted in Esperanza Alfonso, Islamic Culture through Jewish Eyes: Al-Andalus from the Tenth to the Twelfth Century (London: Routledge, 2007), 108.
30. Hamas, “The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement,” Avalon Project, Yale Law School, August 18, 1988
31. Mahmoud Al-Zahar, “Interview,” Al Jazeera, February 8, 2009.
32. Mitchell Bard, Myths and Facts: A Guide to the Arab-Israeli Conflict (Chevy Chase, MD: American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, 2002), 329.
33. Quoted in Mattar, Philip, “Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO),” Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa, 2004. Accessed from Encyclopedia.com on May 25, 2015. http:// www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3424602110.html.
34. Quoted in BBC News, “Iran leader plays down war talk,” July 8, 2008.
35. Quoted in CAMERA, “Hassan Nasrallah: In His Own Words,” July 26, 2006.
36. Qur’an 5:64.
37. Sahih Bukhari 41: 6985.
38. Quoted in Joel Richardson, “Islam’s Ancient Hatred For The Jews,” Antichrist: Islam’s Awaited Messiah (Enumclaw, WA: Pleasant Word, 2006), 114.
39. Karsh, Palestine Betrayed, 26.
40. Marian Wang and Theodoric Meyer, “Everything You Need to Know About U.S. Aid to Egypt,” Real Clear World, Julu 10, 2013.
41. Congressional Record Vol. 145, Part 2, 2210.
42. JimZanotti,“U.S.ForeignAidtothePalestinians,”CongressionalResearchService,July3,2014,2.
43. Ibid.
44. Edwin Black, “How British and American aid subsidises Palestinian terrorism,” Guardian (UK),November 11, 2013.
45. Ibid.
46. Ibid.

CHAPTER 33: ISRAEL AND PALESTINE: SEMITES AND ANTI–SEMITISM

1. Quoted in Memri.org. http://www.memri.org/clip_transcript/en/2527.htm
2. Quoted in Palestinian Media Watch, palwatch.org. [Note: Bahar was then acting as Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council.]
3. Quoted in Jonathan Hunt, “Son of Hamas Leader Turns Back on Islam and Embraces Christianity,” Fox News, August 12, 2008. [Note: Yousef is the son of a Hamas leader.]
4. Albert Einstein, Letter to Gutkind, 1954.
5. Genesis 16:9-10.
6. New York University Medical Center And School Of Medicine. “Jews Are The Genetic Brothers Of Palestinians, Syrians, And Lebanese,” Science Daily, May 9, 2000.
7. Qur’an 3:112.
8. Qur’an 5:51 and Ibn Ishaq 262.
9. Qur’an 9:29.
10. See Qur’an 9:30.
11. Deuteronomy 7:6.
12. Ibid 28:13.
13. Isaiah 60:12.
14. Quoted in Frank Crimi, “Voices of Palestine: Mahmoud al-Zahar,” Frontpagemag.com, October 26, 2011.
15. Hamas, “The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement,” Avalong Project at Yale Law School, August 18, 1988.
16. Reuters, “94-Year-Old Auschwitz Guard Hans Lipschis Ruled ‘Unfit’ for Trial,” February 28, 2014.
17. Norman Finkelstein, The Holocaust Industry (New York: Verso, 2015), 45.
18. Ibid, 48.
19. Quoted in Sam Sokol, “Far-right’s election success worries European Jewry,” Jerusalem Post, May 27, 2014.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. World Jewish Congress, “Muslims, Jews warn Europe: Mainstreaming of far-right parties is unacceptable,” March 7, 2011.
23. Quoted in Anders Nystrom, “Jews In Panic Over Victories Of European Right-Wing, Want To Ally With Muslims,” blogged at Islam Versus Europe, May 30, 2014.
24. Foundation for Ethnic Understanding, “European Muslim and Jewish Leaders Determined to Combat Hateful Agenda,” May 25, 2014.
25. Shlomo Shamir, “Jewish and Muslim leaders join forces to combat xenophobia,” Haaretz (Israel), May 13, 2011.
26. Quoted in Johannes Cardinal Willebrands, Church and Jewish People: New Conisderations (Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 1991), 60.
27. Ibid.
28. Jonathan Kirsh, God Against Gods, The History of the War Between Monotheism and Polytheism (New York: Penguin, 2005), 12.
29. Deuteronomy 7:2.
30. Ibid 13:15-16.
31. Ibid 15:6.
32. Ibid 23:20.
33. Quoted in Allen Nadler, “Charedi Rabbis Rush To Disavow Anti-Gentile Book,” Forward, December 19, 2003.
34. Nadler.
35. Quoted in Marilyn Silverstein, “Drew University scholar defends article.” New Jersey Jewish News, 2003.
36. Robert Wistrich, A Lethal Obsession: Anti-Semitism from Antiquity to the Global Jihad (New York: Random House, 2010), 9.
37. Quoted in S. Radhakrishnan, Religion and Society (Charleston, SC: Nabu, 2011), 78.
38. Tia Ghose, “Most Ashkenazi Jews are genetically Europeans, surprising study finds,” Live Science, October 8, 2013.
39. Aryeh Gelblum in Haaretz (Israel), January 4, 2011.
40. Meyrav Murmser, “Post-Zionism and the Sephardi Question,” Middle East Forum, February 23, 2009.
41. Tony Jassen, “Racism Alive and well in Israeli Society,” Jerusalem Post (Israel), March 22, 2005.
42. RoeeNahmias,“’MarriagetoanArabisnationaltreason,’”YNetNews,March27,2007.
43. Ibid.
44. Matthew Kalman, “The Jewish Religious Conflict Tearing at Israel,” Time, June 17, 2010.
45. Quoted in Shmarya Rosenberg, “Israel’s New Haredi Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi Makes Racist Remark,” blogged at Failed Messiah, July 30, 2013.
46. Jonathan Cook, “Israel’s rights groups condemn ‘Jews only’ businesses,” The National (United Arab Emirates), August 10, 2011.
47. Quoted in Patrick Cockburn, “Black Israelis riot over insult to their blood,” Independent (UK), January 29, 1996.
48. Elise Knutsen, “Israel Forcibly Injected African Immigrants with Birth Control, Report Claims,” Forbes, January 29, 2013.
49. Quoted in Harriet Sherwood, “Israel PM: illegal African immigrants threaten identity of Jewish state,” Guardian (UK), May 20, 2012.
50. Quoted in Jeffrey Goldberg, “Remembering Ovadia Yosef, the Israeli Ayatollah,” Bloomberg, October 8, 2013. [Note: As Goldberg’s article makes clear, Yosef was not an outlier but a powerful political figure with enough pull to draw 700,000 people to his funeral.]

CHAPTER 34: WHAT IS RELIGION?

1. John 14:6
2. Bhagavad Gita 10:32.
3. Dhammapada 19:270.
4. Sahih Muslim 33.
5. Karl Marx, Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right, 1843, “Introduction.”
6. Daniel Benjamin and Steven Simon, The Age of Sacred Terror (New York: Random House, 2003), 90; Lawrence Wright, The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11 (New York: Vintage, 2007), 88-94.
7. Yaroslav Trofimov, The Siege of Mecca (New York: Anchor, 2008), 108-115.
8. See Will Durant, Story of Civilization, Volume 1 (New York: MJF, 1993), 434; Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Indian Philosophy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 272.
9. Bhikku 2004.
10. See Thera 1994; Sayadaw 1993.
11. Douglas Burns, Buddhism, Science, and Atheism (Kandy: Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 2006), 32.
12. Durant, 536-8.
13. Ibid, 538.
14. Quoted in Sharma, “An Indic Contribution Towards an Understanding,” 11. http://www.swamij. com/religion-indic-sharma.htm.
15. Sharma, “An Indic Contribution Towards an Understanding,” 12.
16. Qur’an 5:3. Also cf 3:67: “Abraham was not a Jew nor Christian, but an upright Muslim.”
17. Sharma, “An Indic Contribution Towards an Understanding,” 12-3.
18. Deuteronomy 7:6.
19. See Havilland et al 2009.
20. Matthew 10:34-5. Cf Luke 12:51
21. Qur’an 3:85.
22. Sharma, “An Indic Contribution Towards an Understanding,” 14.
23. Ibid, 18.
24. Ibid, 19.
25. Ibid, 28.
26. Ibid, 32.
27. David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, 1748.
28. Robert Evans, “Atheists Face Death Penalty in 13 Countries,” Reuters, December 10, 2013.

CHAPTER 35: MONOTHEISM AND ITS DISCONTENTS

1. Quoted in Majid Khadduri, War and Peace in the Law of Islam (Clark, NJ: Lawbook Exchange, 2010), 74.
2. Quoted in David Margoliouth, Mohammed and the Rise of Islam (New York: Cosimo Classics, 2010)), 365.
3. Quoted in Guardian (UK), “Full text: bin Laden’s ‘letter to America,’” November 24, 2002.
4. See Sharma, “An Indic Contribution Towards an Understanding,” 12.
5. Genesis 22:12.
6. Anwar Shaikh, “Nationalism, The Basic Element of Prophethood,” Islam: The Arab National Movement (Principality, 1995).
7. Ibid, “The Prophet Muhammad.”
8. James I. Packer, “Contemporary Views of Revelation,” Carl F.H. Henry, ed., Revelation and the Bible. Contemporary Evangelical Thought. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1958
9. Quoted in Gunapala Dharmasiri, A Buddhist Critique of the Christian Concept of God (Port Talbot, UK: Golden Leaf Publishing, 1988), 237.
10. John Henry Newman, Discourses to Mixed Congregations, 1849.
11. Sahih Bukhari 4.52.204.
12. Newman.
13. Numbers 31:7-11.
14. Ibid, 31:17-8.
15. Deuteronomy 2:32-34.
16. Joshua 6:20-1.
17. Deuteronomy 7:2.
18. John 1:1.
19. Sahih Bukhari 9.93.549.
20. Bernard Lewis, The Crisis of Islam (New York: Random House, 2004), 7.
21. Karsh, Islamic Imperialism: A History (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006), 62.
22. Bill Warner, “Statistical Islam,” Center for the Study of Political Islam, 2.
23. Qur’an 9:29.
24. Cf Qur’an 33:9-10, 25-7; Sahih Bukhari 4:52:68.
25. Quoted in Karsh, 4.
26. Radhakrishnan, The Hindu View of Life: the Famous Upton Lectures of 1926 (Crows Net, Australia: George Allen and Unwin, 1957).
27. Radhakrishnan, 91.
28. S.N. Dasgupta, Hindu Mysticism (Cheshire, UK: A&D Publishing, 2008), 42.
29. Bhagavad-Gita 6.29.
30. Arnold Joseph Toynbee, “A Study of History.”
31. BrianHebblethwaite,TheProblemsofTheology,RevelationandRationality(Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1980), 85.
32. John M. Robertson, Pagan Christs: Studies in Comparative Hierology (1911; Reprint, Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 2010), 18.
33. Hubert Albertz Papers, 1938.
34. Mark S, Smith, The Origins of Biblical Monotheism, Israel’s Polytheistic Background and the Ugaritic Texts (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 44-48.
35. Dever, 2005.
36. Wright 1950.
37. Cf Qur’an 2:125.
38. Cf Sahih Bukhari 2:26:710.
39. Georges Dreyfus, “Procedures and Rules of Debate,” Tibetan Monastic Education, Tibertan & Himalayan Library, 2001.
40. Ibid.
41. Quoted in Edward Sachau, Alberuni’s India (New Delhi, India, Fifth Edition, 2007), 3.
42. William James, “The Will to Believe,” New World, 1896.
43. Ibid.
44. Regina Schwartz, The Curse of Cain: The Violent Legacy of Monotheism (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1998), 33.
45. Ibid.
46. Peters, 1996.
47. Mark Hartwig, “Spread by the Sword?,” http://www.answering-islam.org/Terrorism/by_the_ sword.html.
48. Christopher Key Chapple, editor, Jainism Introduction, Center for the Study of World Religions, Harvard Divinity School, Religions of the World and Ecology Series, Jainism and Ecology Volume.
49. Radhakrishnan, The Hindu View of Life, 13.

CHAPTER 36: THE ELIMINATION OF METAPHYSICS

1. Thomas Paine, The Age of Reason (1796).
2. Rand, The Lexicon: Objectivism from A to Z (New York: Plume, 1988, 412.
3. Christopher Hitchens, The Missionary Position: Mother Teresa in Theory and Practice (New York: Twelve, 2012), 3.
4. Greg Watts, Mother Teresa: Faith in the Darkness (Oxford, UK: Lion Hudson, 2010), 146.
5. Quoted in Hitchens, The Missionary Position: Mother Teresa in Theory and Practice, 41.
6. Susan Shields, “Mother Teresa’s House of Illusions,” Free Inquiry, Volume 18, Number 1, February 13, 2004.
7. Ibid.
8. Quoted in Valerie Tarico, “Was Mother Teresa a Masochist,” Salon.com, April 30, 2013.
9. Quoted in Aroup Chatterjee, Mother Teresa: The Final Verdict (Mumbai, India: Meteor, 202).
10. Christopher Hitchens, “Christopher Hitchens Takes On Mother Teresa,” Newsweek, August 28, 2007.
11. Quoted in London Times (UK), “Mother Teresa Did Not Feel Christ’s Presence,” August 24, 2007.
12. Ibid.
13. Kolten Parker, “Polygamist sect leader Warren Jeffs hospitalized in Texas,” Houston Chronicle, March 17, 2014.
14. Jyoti Thottam, “Sathya Sai Baba: The Man Who Was God Is Dead,” Time, April 26, 2011.
15. Ashley Fantz, “Reality show snake-handling preacher dies – of snakebite,” CNN, February 18, 2014; Bill Estep, “Snakebite death of Middlesboro pastor was quick, son says; medical treatment refused,” Herald-Leader (Lexington, KY), February 16, 2014.
16. Charles Kimball, When Religion Becomes Evil (New York: HarperOne, 2008).
17. Quoted in Anwar Shaikh, “Islam, the Self-Perpetuating Tool of Arab Imperialism,” from Islam: The Arab Imperialism, June 17, 2007.
18. A.J. Ayer, Language Truth & Logic (1936), 14.
19. Ibid, 15.
20. Ibid, 16-7.
21. Ibid, 16 (emphasis added).
22. Stuart Chase, The Tyranny of Words (New York: Mariner, 1959), 88, 101.
23. Ibid, 316.
24. Ibid, 356.
25. Ibid, 359.
26. Karl Popper, “What is Dialectic,” Conjectures and Refutations (London: Routledge & Kegan Pauk, 1963), 312-335.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid, 425 (emphasis in original).
29. Chase, The Tyranny of Words, 80.
30. Sam Harris, The End of Faith: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason (New York: Norton, 2005), 71-72.
31. Ibid.
32. Shaikh, “Nationalism, the Basic Element of Prophethood.”
33. Shaikh, “The Prophet Muhammad.”
34. Maurice Cornforth, Marxism and the Linguistic Philosophy (New York: International Publishers, 1965), 94.
35. Bertrand Russell, Our Knowledge of the External World (1914), 33.
36. Quoted in S.T. Joshi, Atheism: A Reader (Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 2000), 94.

CHAPTER 37: THE AXIS OF JIHAD

1. Liz Sly and Ahmed Ramadan, “Insurgents seize Iraqi city of Mosul as security forces flee,” Washington Post, June 10, 2014.
2. Colleen Curry, “The Dramatic Gains ISIS Has Made in Iraq,” ABC News, August 7, 2014.
3. Rukmini Callimachi, “Militant Group Says It Killed American Journalist in Syria,” New York Times, August 19, 2014.
4. Mirren Gidda, “ISIS to US: ‘We Will Drown All of You in Blood,’” Time, August 19, 2014.
5. Benjamin Hall, “Mosul’s Christians recount flight from historic home under ISIS threat,” Fox News, August 19, 2014.
6. Jane Arraf, “Islamic State persecution of Yazidi minority amounts to genocide,” Christian Science Monitor, August 7, 2014.
7. Ibid.
8. BBC News, “Iraq conflict: Diyala Sunni mosque attack kills dozens,” August 22, 2014.
9. Avi Issacharoff, “Hamas funded killing of 3 teens, says ringleader,” Times of Israel, August 6, 2014.
10. Jim Sciutto, Ashley Shoichet, and Catherine Fants, “U.S. general killed in Afghanistan,” OzzModz blog, August 6, 2014.
11. Osama bin Laden, “Letter to America.” Guardian (UK), November 24, 2002.
12. Hamas Charter.
13. Col. S.C.Dhiman, “The Promise of Allah,” Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) Reconciliation, Democracy and Terror, 2015, Google, 118.
14. John Bradley, After the Arab Spring: How Islamists Hijacked the Middle East Revolts (New York: Palgrave, 2012), 1.
15. Benny Morris, “Arab Spring or Islamist Surge,” National Interest, November 3, 2011.
16. Claude Moniquet, “The Involvement of Salafism/Wahhabism in the Support and supply of Arms to Rebel Groups Around the World,” Directorate-General for External Policies, European Parliament, June 2013, 5.
17. Ibid, 6.
18. Patrick Cockburn, “Al-Qa’ida, the second act,” Independent (UK), March 21, 2014.
19. Alex Spillius, “Wikileaks: Saudis ‘chief funders of al-Qaeda’,” Telegraph (UK), December 5, 2010.
20. Ibid.
21. Moniquet, 7.
22. Mark Piggott, “ISIS Attacks: Iraq Accuses Saudi Arabia of Supporting ‘Genocide’,” International Business Times (UK), June 17, 2014.
23. Steve Clemons, “’Thank God for the Saudis’: ISIS, Iraq, and the Lessons of Blowback,” Atlantic, June 23, 2014.
24. Husain Haqqani, “How Pakistan Lets Terrorism Fester,” New York Time, May 10, 2012.
25. Quoted in John Bentley, “Leon Panetta: U.S. ‘reaching the limits of our patience’ with Pakistan terror safe havens,” CBS News, June 7, 2012.
26. CarlottaGall,“WhatPakistanKnewAboutBinLaden,”NewYorkTimes,March19,2014.
27. Ibid.
28. Greg Bruno, “State Sponsors: Iran,” Council on Foreign Relations, October 13, 2011.
29. Ibid.
30. John Byman, “Iran’s Support for Terrorism in the Middle East,” Brookings Institution, June 25, 2012.
31. James Langton, “Hitler’s lost relatives found on Long Island,” Telegraph (UK), July 16, 2000.
32. Telegraph(UK),“Lenin’slastsurvivingrelativediesinMoscowat89,”March25,2011.
33. Douglas Martin, “Lana Peters, Stalin’s Daughter, Dies at 85,” New York Times, November 28, 2011.
34. Andrew Jacobs, “Mao’s Grandson Rises in Chinese Military,” New York Times, September 24, 2009.
35. Simon Sebag Montefiore, “At Home With Karl Marx,” New York Times, September 23, 2011.
36. Joshua Project, “Sayyid.”
37. Global Security, “Jamaat-e-Islami,” August 22, 2013.
38. SuhaibAnjarini,“Al-BaghdadifollowinginbinLaden’sfootsteps,”Al-Akhbar(Lebanon),July2,2014.

CHAPTER 38: THE FACES OF JIHAD

1. Bill Warner, “A Taste of Islam,” Center for Political Islam, 25.
2. Sahih Bukhari 1:4:234.
3. Qur’an 5:33.
4. Ibn Ishaq 675-676.
5. See John Ward Anderson, “Cartoons of Prophet Met With Outrage,” Washington Post, January 31, 2006.
6. Cf Qur’an 33:9-10, 33:25-27; Sahih Bukhari 4:52:68, 4:57:66.
7. Abhishek Bhalla, “Al-Qaeda plans final jihad for India,” Daily Mail (UK), July 16, 2013.
8. Guardian (UK), “British jihadist warns of ‘black flag of Islam’ over Downing Street,” July 4, 2014.
9. Our Correspondent, “GDP: 40pc of Muslim states’ population fall below poverty line,” Tribune (Pakistan), June 15, 2013.
10. Ibid.
11. Reuters, “Factbox: Gulf Arab countries’ population, economy, military,” May 14, 2012.
12. Saleem Ali, “Science as Salvation for Muslims,” National Geographic, September 26, 2012.
13. Center for Security Policy, Shariah: The Threat to America, September 27, 2010, 14.
14. Ibid, 4-5.
15. Ibid, 66.
16. Ibid, 26.
17. Ibid, 43.
18. Qur’an 9:5.
19. Qur’an 9:29.
20. Qur’an 2:256.
21. Qur’an 3:85.
22. Qur’an 98:6.
23. Quoted in Center for Security Policy, Shariah: The Threat to America, 21.
24. Ibid, 58.
25. Ibid, 31.
26. Muslim Brotherhood, “An Explanatory Memorandum,” Clarion Project Archive, 4-7.
27. Ibid, 18.
28. Ibid, 4-7.
29. Ibid, 25-6.
30. Jethro Mullen, “U.S. officials: Terrorist seizure of nuclear materials in Iraq of minimal concern,” CNN, July 10, 2014.
31. Todd Johnson and Gina Zurlo, editors, World Christian Database, http://worldchristiandatabase. org/wcd/home.asp.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
34. Pew Research, “The Future of the Global Muslim Population,” January 27, 2011.
35. Ibid.
36. Spiegel, “Islamic Justice in Europe: It’s Often a Dictate of Power,” September 1, 2011.
37. James Arlandson, “The Ultimate Goal of Islam,” http://www.answering-islam.org/Authors/ Arlandson/ultimate_goal.htm.
38. Ibid.

CHAPTER 39: ISLAM AND THE CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS

1. Daniel Bolger, Why We Lost: A General’s Inside Account of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars (New York: Eamon Dolan, 2014), Author’s Note xiii.
2. Quoted in Carlotta Gall, The Wrong Enemy: America in Afghanistan 2001-2014 (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014).
3. Gall, The Wrong Enemy, Foreword xiv.
4. Quoted in Efraim Karsh, Islamic Imperialism: A History (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006), 232.
5. Ruhollah Khomeini, The Sayings of the Ayatollah Khomeini (New York: Bantam, 1980), 47.
6. Obama, “Address to the United Nations,” September 25, 2012.
7. Samuel Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011), 21.
8. Ibid, 183.
9. Ibid, 256.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid, 183.
12. See Thomas Patrick Hughes, A Dictionary of Islam (Chicago: Kazi, 2007), 245.
13. Cf Qur’an 2:216.
14. Cf Qur’an 4:89.
15. Muslim Brotherhood, “Explanatory Memorandum.”
16. Ed Morrissey, “Pew: Majority of Americans believe Iraq, Afghanistan wars failed,” Memorandum blog, January 31, 2014.
17. Costs of War, “Economic Costs,” “Human Costs,” costsofwar.org.
18. Quoted in Tabassum Zakaria, “General Casey: diversity shouldn’t be casualty of Fort Hood,” Reuters, November 8, 2009.
19. Bolger. page: xiv, Author’s Note
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. Shabbir Akhtar, The Quran and the Secular Mind: A Philosophy of Islam (New York: Routledge, 2008), 35.
24. See Jack Miles, editor, “General Introduction,” The Norton Anthology of World Religions Volume 1 (New York: Norton, 2014), 6-7.
25. Tomoko Masuzawa, The Invention of World Religions (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005), 107-9.
26. Dale Riepe, The Naturalistic Thought in Indian Tradition (Delhi, India: Motilal Banarsidass, 1996), 247-8.
27. Akhtar, 23.
28. Ibid, 91.
29. See Swami Prabhavananda and Christopher Isherwood, The Yoga Aphorisms of Patanjali (Hollywood, CA: Vedanta Press, 2007), 141-154.
30. Karl Jaspers, The Great Philosophers (New York: Mariner, 1966), 6.
31. Ibid, 102.
32. Luke 23:34 (ESV).
33. Richard Gabriel, Muhammad: Islam’s First Great General (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2007), 123.
34. Sadakat Kadri, Heaven on Earth: A Journey Through Shari’a Law from the Deserts of Ancient Arabia to the Streets of the Modern Muslim World (New York: Farrar, Strauss, & Giroux, 2013), 252.
35. Jaspers, 103.
36. Ibid, 31.
37. Ibid, 49.
38. Sahih Bukhari, 1:234.
39. Ibid.
40. John 18:36 (ESV).
41. Jaspers, 67.
42. Matthew 5:17 (ESV).
43. Gabriel, 27-8.
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid.
46. Ibid, 70-1.
47. Ibid, 101.
48. Ibid.
49. Ibid, xxvii.
50. Ibid, 144.
51. Ibid, 47.
52. Christopher Hitchens, God is not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything (New York: Twelve, 2009), 128-30.
53. Ibid.
54. Radio Free Europe, “For Displaced Pakistani Father, 36 Children Is Not Enough,” July 29, 2014.
55. Quoted in Abraham Kuenen, “National Religions and Universal Religions,” (reprinted by Kessinger; original, 1979), 5-6.
56. Volodymyr Ischchenko, “The Guardian Finally Admits Ukraine Has a Neo-Nazi Problem,” Russia Insider, November 14, 2014.
57. Obama, “President Obama: our fight against violent extremism,” White House, February 18, 2015.
58. Graeme Wood, “The Islamic State is Islamic. Very Islamic,” Atlantic, March 2015.
59. Nomani and Arafa, Article.
60. Ibid.http://www.theamericanconservative.com/dreher/defining-islam-end-of-the-world/ comment-page-1/
61. Obama, “President Obama: our fight against violent extremism.”
62. Matthew Levitt, “Iran’s Support for Terrorism Worldwide,” Washington Institute, March 3, 2014.
63. Ibid.
64. Maryam Rajavi, “The enemy of your enemy is not your friend,” US News, October 28, 2014.
65. PRNewswire, “Iranian Opposition Leader Maryam Rajavi,” April 29, 2015.
66. Ibid.
67. Damien Gale, “Jihad will only end when society can get rid of America,” Daily Mail (UK), May 26, 2014.
68. Gall, ##.
69. Ibid, 147.
70. Ibid, 150-151.
71. Ibid, 160-162, 284-285.
72. Ibid, 88.
73. Ibid, 282.
74. Congressional Research Service, “Saudi Arabia: Terrorist Financing Issues,” September 14, 2007.
75. Ibid.
76. Scott Shane, “Moussaoui Calls Saudi Princes Patrons of Al Qaeda,” New York Times, February 3, 2015.
77. Bob Kerrey, “Moussaoui, Saudis & the full 9/11 truth,” New York Daily News, February 6, 2015.
78. Peter Walker, “Margaret Thatcher funeral: US opts for low-key official representation,” Guardian (UK), April 16 2013.
79. Michael Gordon and Peter Baker, “Top Officials Join Obama in Brief Visit to Saudi King,” New York Times, January 27, 2015.
80. Phyllis Chesler, “The four Saudi princesses: Obama mum on plight of Muslim women,” New York Post, January 27, 2015.
81. Chris Green, “Raif Badawi,” Independent (UK), March 1, 2015.
82. CNN, “Transcript: President Obama’s Speech on Combating ISIS and Terrorism,” September 10, 2014.
83. Terrence McCoy, “Boko Haram may have just killed 2,000 people,” Washington Post, January 9, 2015.
84. Amnesty International, “The Dark Side of Migration,” November 17, 2013.
85. Owen Gibson, “More than 500 Indian workers have died in Qatar since 2012, figures show,” Guardian (UK), February 18, 2014.
86. Barney Guiton, “ISIS Sees Turkey as its Ally,” Newsweek, November 7, 2014.

CHAPTER 40: POSTSCRIPT

1. http://www.searchtruth.com/book_display.php?book=40&translator=3
2. Naipaul, V.S. “A Grotesque Love of Propaganda.” Daily Mail (UK). March 21, 2015.
3. Ingraham, Christopher. “It’s official: the U.S. drug war in Afghanistan is a $7.6 billion failure.” Washington Post. October 22, 2014.
4. “Exiled Iranian Opposition Leader Says Iran Will Cheat on Nuclear Deal to Build Bomb.” People’s Mujahadin Organization of Iran . July 16, 2015.
5. Latif, Alaa. “Fed Up With Islam and Sectarianism, Some Iraqis Embrace Zoroastrianism.” Assyrian International News Agency. May 31, 2015.
6. Zezima, Katie. “Rand Paul calls for release of 9/11 documents.” Washington Post. June 2, 2015.
7. Sarwan, Rahim. “Afghanistan’s Karzai Blasts Pakistan.” Voice of America. June 4, 2015.
8. Qadri, Mustafa. “Pakistan’s army: as inept as it is corrupt.” Guardian (UK). May 3, 2009.
9. Ibid.
10. Langewiesche, William. “The Wrath of Khan.” The Atlantic. November 2005.
11. Abbasi, Ansar. “How did Musharraf become a billionaire?” The International News (Pakistan). January 8, 2012.
12. Ibrahim, Azeem. “U.S. Aid to Pakistan—U.S. Taxpayers Have Funded Pakistani Corruption.” The Belfer Center at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. June 2009.
13. Miller, Zeke. “Obama Says ‘We Don’t Have a Strategy Yet’ for Fighting ISIS.” Time. August 28, 2014.
14. The Secular Alliance at the University of Chicago.
15. Quoted in Kislah, Kemalism, Laiklik vs Demokrasi.

CHAPTER 41: POSTSCRIPT TWO

1.Quoted in Washington Post, “Read Putin’s U.N. General Assembly speech.” https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/09/28/read-putins-u-n-general- assembly-speech/

2.Quoted in Cowlishaw, “Japan offers MORE than Saudi Arabia to help refugees.” http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/609413/Japan-refugee-migrant-crisis-money- pledge-Saudi-Arabia

3.Quoted in Reuters, “Wilders tells Dutch parliament refugee crisis is ‘Islamic invasion’.” http://www.breitbart.com/london/2015/09/10/wilders-tells-dutch-parliament-refugee-crisis-is- islamic-invasion/

4. Arviinth, “EU migrant crisis.” http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/eu-migrant-crisis-germany-expects- record-800000-asylum-requests-2015-1516224

5. “Most CIA-backed rebels in Syria ‘anti-American, anti-Western and anti-democracy’.” RT interview with Charles Shoebridge. http://www.rt.com/op-edge/316397-crisis-isis-terrorism- syrian/

6. Rayner, “People smugglers using Facebook to sell fake passports to economic migrants.” http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/11880979/People-smugglers-using- Facebook-to-sell-fake-Syrian-passports-to-economic-migrants.html

7. Stancati, “Taliban Seize Control of Kunduz,” Wall Street Journal. http://www.wsj.com/articles/ afghanistan-city-of-kunduz-largely-under-taliban-control-1443447706

8. Sly, “8 reasons Europe’s refugee crisis is happening now.” https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/ worldviews/wp/2015/09/18/8-reasons-why-europes-refugee-crisis-is-happening-now/

9. Quoted in Noack, “Muslims threaten Europe’s Christian identity, Hungary’s leader says.” https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/09/03/muslims-threaten-europes- christian-identity-hungarys-leader-says/

10. Quoted in Chadwick, “Timmermans: Central Europe has ‘no experience with diversity’.” http://www.politico.eu/article/migration-news-diversity-timmermans/

11. Lowry, “Europe’s immigration problem.”
12. CBS News, “Many British Muslims Put Islam First.”
13. Cowlishaw, “Japan offers MORE than Saudi Arabia to help refugees.” http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/609413/Japan-refugee-migrant-crisis-money-pledge-Saudi-Arabia
14. Dr. Abbas Kadhim, Twitter post 11:31 pm – 2 September 2015, @DrAbbasKadhim.

15. QuotedinNovinite.com,“BulgarianTroopsGuardingMacedonia,Greece,Turkey Borders over Migrant Influx.” http://www.novinite.com/articles/170916/Bulgarian+Troops+Guarding+Macedonia%2C+Greece%2C+Turkey+Borders+over+Migrant+Influx

16. Quoted in Williams, “German Authorities: Every Refugee Pretends to be Syrian.”http://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2015/09/15/german-authorities-every-refugee-pretends-syrian-least-25-per-cent-liars/
17. Quoted in Kern, “German’s Sharia Refugee Shelters.” http://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/6614/germany-sharia-refugee-shelters

18. Ibid.

19. Quoted in “creeping sharia” blog, September 20, 2009. https://creepingsharia.wordpress. com/2009/09/20/islam-wishes-to-destroy-all/

20. “Migrants Pose as Syrians to Open Door to Asylum in Europe,” Wall Street Journal (September 12, 2015): http://www.wsj.com/articles/migrants-pose-as-syrians-to-open-door-to-asylum-in- europe-1442013612 (Accessed September 24, 2015).

21. “Not Their Brothers’ Keepers,” Wall Street Journal (September 8, 2015).
22. Ibid.
23. “Anti-Semitic Attitudes among Muslims in Europe: A Survey Review,” Institute for the Studyof Global AntisemitismandPolicy:http://isgap.org/wpcontent/uploads/2015/05/Jikeli_Antisemitic_Attitudes_among_Muslims_in_Europe.pdf (Accessed September 25, 2015), 1-11.

24. “5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe,” Pew Research Center (January 15, 2015): http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/01/15/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/ (Accessed September 26, 2015).
25. “Muslim Brotherhood Explanatory Memorandum,” The Clarion Project:http://www.clarionproject.org/Muslim_Brotherhood_Explanatory_Memorandum (AccessedSeptember 26, 2015).
26. Dobriansky and Rivkin, “Congress Can Respond to Putin With More Sanctions.”http://www.wsj.com/articles/congress-can-respond-to-putin-with-more-sanctions-1443996688

27. RT, “ISIS militants in Iraq, Syria have WMD components, Lavrov warns UN Security Council.”

https://www.rt.com/news/317073-lavrov-isis-wmd-components

CHAPTER 42

1. Quoted in Roy C. Amore, Two Masters, One Message (Nashville, TN: Abingdon, 1978), 75.
2. Ibid, 43.
3. Ibid, 42.
4. Ibid.
5. John 1:14.
6. See T.W. Rhys Davids and Hermann Oldenberg, trans., “Vinyaya Texts,” Sacred Books of the East (Clarendon/Oxford, 1881-1885) 94-7, 100-2.
7. See Michael Lockwood, Buddhism’s Relation to Christianity (Chennai, India: T.R. Publications, 2011), 80-5.
8. Amore, Two Masters, One Message, 110-111.
9. Ibid, 112.
10. Ibid, 111.
11. Ibid, 113-4.
12. Ibid, 111-3.
13. Ibid, 66.
14. Dhammapada 10:1.
15. Luke 6:31.
16. Luke 6:29.
17. Majjhima Nikaya, 21:6.
18. Matthew 25:45.
19. Vinaya, Mahavagga 8:26:3.
20. Digha Nikaya 1:1:8.
21. Matthew 26:52.
22. Cf Matthew 10:34, Luke 22:36.
23. Amore, Two Masters, One Messagei, 117.
24. Matthew 8:18-22.
25. Dhammapada v. 87.
26. Amore, Two Masters, One Message, 125-6.
27. Ibid, 119-20.
28. Ibid, 120.
29. Barbara O’Brien, “Trikaya: The Three Bodies of the Buddha.”
30. Swami Akhilananda, Hindu View of Christ (1919; reprinted by Kessinger, 2006), 11.
31. Note that in the first century after Jesus’ death some members of the Jewish community obviously accepted the teaching of the Incarnation, and many of the New Testament writers insisted that Jewish scriptures predicted it. Over time, however, those who remained Jewish necessarily rejected the Christian teachings about Jesus and the two religious communities began to diverge more obviously.
32. Ibid, 21.
33. Amore, Two Masters, One Message, 185-6.
34. Dhirendranath Chowdhuri, “In Search of Jesus Christ,” Sadharan Brahmo Samaj, 1927, 219.
35. Ibid.
36. This argument does not necessarily mean that Judaism lacks any universal element at all. Obviously, Jewish Scriptures are full of the idea that Jews are supposed to be a blessing to the entire world (Cf. Genesis 12:2-3, 18:18, and 22:18). Nevertheless, the blessings the Jews are supposed to provide are also attached to an exclusivist idea which holds that the Jewish people are set apart from the rest of humanity by God.
37. Akhilananda, Hindu View of Christ, 47.
38. Ibid, 183.
39. Ibid, 56.
40. Susannah Heschel, Aryan Jesus (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010), 38-41.
41. Quoted in Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Eastern Religions and Western Thought (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), 184-6.
42. Radhakrishnan, Eastern Religions and Western Thought, 173-4.
43. Ibid.
44. Again, there are exceptions here. Most mainline Protestant denominations have moderated their positions, but evangelical Christianity for the most part has not. The Catholic and Orthodox churches have not officially changed much, either, although one could argue that many believers in these two branches of the faith have done so.

CHAPTER 43

1. Bruce Thornton, Greek Ways: How the Greeks Created Western Civilization (New York: Encounter, 2002), 196.
2. Quoted in Thornton, 143.
3. Ludwig Feuerbach, Essence of Christianity (1841), Ch. XVI.
4. Quoted in Plutarch, “Of Banishment.”
5. John Adams, Defense of the Constitution (1787).
6. James Madison, “Letter to William Bradford, Jr., April 1, 1774.”
7. Quoted in Will Durant, The Story of Civilization, Volume 3, 667.
8. Architect of the Capitol, “Capitol Hill Neoclassical Architecture.”
9. Thornton, 188.
10. Richard Mulgan, “Liberty in Ancient Greece,” cited in Thornton, Greek Ways, 137-138.
11. R.R. Bolgar, The Classical Heritage and Its Beneficiaries (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973), 17.
12. Carl Richard, Twelve Greeks and Romans Who Changed the World (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003), 1.
13. Quoted in Keith Werhan, “The Classical Athenian Ancestry of American Freedom of Speech,” Supreme Court Review, 2008, 26.
14. Ibid, 28.
15. Carl J. Richard, The Founders and the Classics: Greece, Rome, and the American Enlightenment (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995), 125-126.
16. Marshall Davies Lloyd, “Polybius and the Founding Fathers: the separation of powers,” 1998.
17. Hans Julius Wolff, Roman Law: An Historical Introduction (Norman, OK: Oklahoma University Press1976), 25-26.
18. Richard, 132-133.
19. Thornton, 162.
20. CarlJ.Richard,GreeksandRomansBearingGifts(Lanham,MD:Rowman&Littlefield,2009),32.
21. Edith Hamilton, The Greek Way (New York: Norton, 1993), 117-119.
22. Cf Leviticus 25:44-46.
23. Ephesians 6:5.
24. 1Timothy6:1-2.
25. Quoted in Hamilton, 117.
26. Ibid, 119.
27. Wolff, Roman Law: An Historical Introduction, 4.
28. Carl J. Richard, Why We’re All Romans (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2011), 53.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid.
32. Peter Stein, Roman Law in European History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 1.
33. See Richard, Why We’re All Romans, 53; Wolff, Roman Law: An Historical Introduction, 5.
34. Stein, Roman Law in European History, 2.
35. Gilbert Highet, The Classical Tradition: Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985), 3.
36. Ibid, 20.
37. Quoted in Richard, Twelve Greeks and Romans Who Changed the World, 14.
38. Bolgar, The Classical Heritage and Its Beneficiaries, 17, 22.
39. Highet,TheClassicalTradition:GreekandRomanInfluencesonWesternLiterature,11.
40. Bolgar, The Classical Heritage and Its Beneficiaries, 28.
41. Ibid.
42. Ibid, 28-32.
43. Werhan, “The Classical Athenian Ancestry of American Freedom of Speech,” 11, 25.
44. Bolgar, The Classical Heritage and Its Beneficiaries, 42.
45. Richard, Greeks and Romans Bearing Gifts: How the Ancients Inspired the Founding Fathers, 8.
46. Ibid, 8-12.
47. Quoted in Richard, Greeks and Romans Bearing Gifts, 18.
48. Richard, Twelve Greeks and Romans Who Changed the World, 17-18.
49. David C. Lindberg, The Beginnings of Western Science (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1992), 366.
50. Richard, Twelve Greeks and Romans Who Changed the World, 22-25.
51. Durant, The Story of Civilization Volume 2, 668-670.
52. Tacitus, Germania, translated by Thomas Gordon.
53. Quoted in Markus Dirk Dubber, The Police Power: Patriarchy and the Foundations of American Government (New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2005), 9.
54. In fairness, it must be observed that early Christians were often persecuted by the Roman Empire for their beliefs as well. Justin Martyr, writing in the second century AD, that merely taking the name “Christian” was enough to be persecuted at times.
55. J.B. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire (Mineola, NY: 2011), 359.
56. Exodus 22:18.
57. Long, “Hebrews and Greeks.”
58. Ibid.
59. MichaelVlach,“Platonism’sInfluenceonChristianEschatology,”TheologicalStudies,3.
60. Ibid.ThisargumentwasfirstputforwardbyClementofAlexandria(ca.120–ca.215).
61. Augustine, Confessions, 7.20.
62. Vlach, “Platonism’s Influence on Christian Eschatology,” 4.
63. Stein, Roman Law in European History, 40.
64. Highet, The Classical Tradition: Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature, 9.
65. Lindberg, The Beginnings of Western Science, 206-7.
66. This practice became widespread during the Middle Ages, but it was appreciated by Christians as far back as the first and second centuries AD. Origen, for example, wrote about taking pagan Greek learning for Christian use in the same way that the Hebrews plundered the Egyptians before beginning their exodus. Note that not all Church Fathers agreed with this practice. For example, Tertullian (died ca. 220) famously asked, “What has Athens to do with Jerusalem?” There were always believers who were skeptical of the use of “pagan learning.”
67. Bolgar, The Classical Heritage and its Beneficiaries, 149, 380.
68. Before the Vulgate was available, both the early Christian Church and the Judaic community used the Septuagint, a Greek translation of the Old Testament which was made around 200 BC.
69. Soeren Kern, “Britain’s ‘Islamic Emirates Project’,” Gatestone Institute, July 21, 2011.

CHAPTER 44

1. Paul Kurtz, Secular Humanism and Its Commitments (Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 1983), 31.
2. Dalai Lama, Beyond Religion, Ethics for a Whole World (New York, NY: Mariner, 2012).
3. John Dewey, A Common Faith (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1991).
4. Quoted in Peter Steinfels, “Scandinavian Nonbelievers, Which is Not to Say Atheists,” New York Times, February 27, 2009.
5. Win-Gallup International, “Global Index of Religiosity and Atheism – 2012,” 3.
6. Ibid, 4.
7. R. Inglehart, “Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns,” Pitzer College, 18-9.
8. Sujit John, “Indians are second largest users of MIT-Harvard online courses,” Times of India, March 21, 2014.
9. Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, 1.3.
10. Ayn Rand, The Ayn Rand Lexicon (New York: Plume, 1988), 315.
11. Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Introductions to the Wissenschaftslehre (Hackett, 1994), 5.
12. David Hume, Treatise of Human Nature, 1738, 469.
13. Charles Stevenson, Ethics and Language, 1944, 153.
14. Paul Kurtz, “Affirmations of Humanism – A Statement of Principles,” Center for Inquiry.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.

CHAPTER 45

1. Hillary Clinton, Hard Choices (New York, Simon & Schuster, 2014), 207.
2. Ibid, 351.
3. Ibid, 352.
4. Manny Fernandez, “Fort Hood Suspect Says Rampage Was to Defend Taliban Leaders,” Portland Daily Sunday, June 4, 2013.
5. Lee Ferran, “Nidal Hasan Admitted Jihadist Motive, Ft. Hood Victims’ Attorneys Say,” ABC News, June 5, 2013.
6. Clinton, Hard Choices, 147, 461.
7. Ibid, 186.
8. Ibid, 131.
9. Ibid, 130.
10. Ibid, 151.
11. Ibid, 150-151.
12. Ibid, 155.
13. Steve Coll, “Don’t Look Back,” New Yorker, March 1, 2010.
14. Clinton, Hard Choices, 155.
15. Ibid, 156, 186.
16. John Schmidt, The Unraveling: Pakistan in the Age of Jihad (New York: Picador, 2012), 161.
17. Peter Tomsen, The Wars of Afghanistan: Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflicts, and the Failures of Great Powers (New York: PublicAffairs, 2013), 589.
18. Ahmed Rashid, Descent into Chaos: The United States and the Failure of Nation Building (New York: Penguin, 2009), 222-223.
19. Husain Haqqani, Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2005), 2.
20. Ibid, 3.
21. Ibid.
22. S.K. Malik, The Quranic Concept of War (New Delhi, India: Himalayan Books, 1986), 44.
23. Ibid, 144.
24. Clinton, Hard Choices, 145.
25. Ibid, 199.
26. Ibid, 351.
27. BBC Online, “Wikileaks: Saudis ‘chief funders of Sunni militants,’” December 5, 2010.
28. Eric Lichtblau, “Documents Back Saudi Link to Extremists,” New York Times, June 23, 2009.
29. Clinton, Hard Choices, 352.
30. Ibid, 305.
31. Ibid.
32. Palestinian Media Watch, “Schoolbooks.”
33. Palestinian Media Watch, “Names of Schools in the PA.”
34. Palestinian Media Watch, “Promoting Child Martyrdom.”
35. Clinton, Hard Choices, 461.
36. Felbab-Brown, Aspiration and Ambivalence: Strategies and Realities of Counterinsurgency, Brookings Institution, 2012, 218.
37. Bill O’Leary, “Afghan troops’ rocky past offers clues into shooting that killed U.S. general,” Washington Post, August 6, 2014.
38. Clinton, Hard Choices, 346.
39. Ibid, 360.
40. Barnabas Fund, “Christians Flee as Islamist Influence Grows in Tunisia,” June 6, 2011.
41. John Bradley, After the Arab Spring: How Islamists Hijacked the Middle East Revolts (New York: Palgrave, 2012), 1.
42. Ibid, 5.
43. Lina Ben Mhenni, “The Double Discourse of Tunisia’s Moderate Islamists,” Your Middle East (Sweden), November 12, 2013.
44. Clinton, Hard Choices, 227.